5 important questions with concise answers for a graduate student of political theory:

1. How did Plato and Aristotle differ in their ideal state, and what are the enduring implications of their contrasting visions?

Plato envisioned an ideal state ruled by philosopher-kings based on justice and reason, emphasizing abstract ideals. Aristotle, focusing on practical governance, favored a mixed regime ensuring stability through balanced power among different classes. Their contrasting approaches – ideal versus practical – continue to shape debates on utopianism versus pragmatism in political thought.

2. Contrast Hobbes' and Locke's views on the state of nature and the social contract. How did their differing perspectives influence their ideas on government?

Hobbes saw the state of nature as a "war of all against all," leading to a social contract where individuals surrender most rights to an absolute sovereign for security. Locke viewed it as governed by natural law and rights, advocating a limited government protecting individual liberties and accountable to the people.

3. Explain the core tenets of liberalism and socialism. What are the key areas of disagreement and potential points of convergence between these ideologies?

Liberalism emphasizes individual rights, limited government, and free markets. Socialism prioritizes social equality, collective ownership, and state intervention to reduce inequality. Disagreements lie in the role of the state and economic organization, but potential convergence exists in welfare state models seeking to balance individual freedom with social justice.

4. Define and differentiate between power, authority, and legitimacy. Provide an example illustrating their interrelationship.

Power is the ability to influence others. Authority is legitimate power, recognized as rightful. Legitimacy is the belief that authority is just and should be obeyed. For example, a democratically elected government (legitimate authority) has the power to enact laws, which citizens generally obey due to their belief in the system's legitimacy.

5. How does the concept of ideology function in shaping political understanding and action? Discuss its potential benefits and drawbacks.

Ideology is a system of ideas and beliefs that explains and justifies a particular social and political order. It provides a framework for understanding the world and guiding political action. Benefits include social cohesion and mobilization. Drawbacks include potential for dogmatism, exclusion of alternative perspectives, and justification of oppression.