Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes were established by the will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish inventor, engineer, and industrialist, in 1895. It was first awarded in 1901. These prestigious prizes recognize outstanding contributions to humanity in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. In 1968, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was introduced, often regarded alongside the original categories.
As of 2024, the Nobel Prizes and the associated Economic Sciences Prize have been awarded 627 times to 1,012 recipients, including 976 individuals and 28 organizations.
Physics
: Nobel Prize in Physics
Chemistry
: Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Physiology or Medicine
: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Literature
: Nobel Prize in Literature
Peace
: Nobel Peace Prize
Economic Sciences
:
Sveriges
Riksbank
Prize in Economic Sciences
List of Last 5 years
2024
John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton
“for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”
“for computational protein design”
Demis Hassabis and John Jumper
“for protein structure prediction”
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024
“for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation”
Nobel Prize in Literature 2024
“for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life”
“for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again”
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2024
Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James A. Robinson
“for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity”
2023
Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier
“for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”
Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus and Aleksey Yekimov
“for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots”
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023
Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman
“for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19”
Nobel Prize in Literature 2023
“for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”
“for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all”
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2023
“for having advanced our understanding of women’s labour market outcomes”
2022
Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger
“for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”
Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless
“for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry”
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022
“for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution”
Nobel Prize in Literature 2022
“for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory”
“The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy”
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2022
Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig
“for research on banks and financial crises”
2021
“for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems”
Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann
“for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming”
“for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales”
Benjamin List and David W.C. MacMillan
“for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis”
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021
“for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch”
Nobel Prize in Literature 2021
“for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents”
Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov
“for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace”
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021
“for his empirical contributions to labour economics”
Joshua D. Angrist and Guido W. Imbens
“for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships”
2020
“for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity”
Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez
“for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy”
Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna
“for the development of a method for genome editing”
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020
Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice
“for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus”
Nobel Prize in Literature 2020
“for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal”
“for its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict”
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2020
Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson
“for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats”
2024
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List of Indian Nobel Prize Winners
1. Rabindranath Tagore (1913) – Literature
Achievement
: First non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature for his work "Gitanjali," a collection of poems.
2. C.V. Raman (1930) – Physics
Achievement
: Awarded for his discovery of the "Raman Effect," which explains the scattering of light.
3. Har Gobind Khorana (1968) – Physiology or Medicine
Achievement
: Recognized for his research on the interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.
4. Mother Teresa (1979) – Peace
Achievement
:
Honored
for her humanitarian work through the Missionaries of Charity, serving the poorest in India.
5. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1983) – Physics
Achievement
: Awarded for his theoretical studies on the physical processes important to the structure and evolution of stars.
6. Amartya Sen (1998) – Economic Sciences
Achievement
: Recognized for his contributions to welfare economics and social choice theory.
7. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (2009) – Chemistry
Achievement
:
Honored
for his studies on the structure and function of the ribosome.
8. Kailash Satyarthi (2014) – Peace
Achievement
: Awarded for his struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education.
9. Abhijit Banerjee (2019) – Economic Sciences
Achievement
: Recognized for his experimental approach to alleviating global poverty.
