ACTS AND BILLS IN INDIA NOTES – with Questions and Answers for UPSC – OPSC and Different competitive Examinations
1. CONSTITUTIONAL & GOVERNANCE
Important Acts
Constitution of India (1950) – Supreme law; fundamental rights, duties, directive principles.
Representation of the People Act (1950 & 1951) – Conduct of elections.
52nd Amendment Act (1985) – Anti-defection law.
44th Amendment Act (1978) – Reversal of Emergency provisions.
73rd & 74th Amendment Acts (1992) – Strengthened Panchayati Raj & Urban Local Bodies.
101st Amendment Act (2016) – Introduced GST.
Important Bills
Anti-Defection Bill (1985) – Prevents political defection.
Citizenship (Amendment) Bill (2019) – Citizenship for certain minorities.
Women’s Reservation Bill (2008, pending) – 33% reservation for women in Parliament & State Assemblies.
National Commission for Backward Classes Bill (2018) – Strengthens NCBC powers.
2. SOCIAL WELFARE
important acts
Right to Information Act (2005) – Citizens’ right to info from public authorities.
Right to Education Act (2009) – Free & compulsory education 6–14 yrs.
Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act (1989) – Prevent atrocities against SC/ST.
Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act (1986) – Bans child labour in hazardous industries.
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act (2012) – Protects children from sexual abuse.
Maintenance & Welfare of Parents & Senior Citizens Act (2007) – Rights of elderly.
Important Bills
Right to Education (Amendment) Bill (2019) – Updates RTE provisions.
POCSO (Amendment) Bill (2019) – Strengthens child protection.
Prohibition of Child Marriage Bill (2006) – Bans child marriage.
Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Bill (2017) – 26 weeks maternity leave.
3. LABOUR & EMPLOYMENT
Important Acts
Factories Act (1948) – Worker health & safety.
Employees’ Provident Fund Act (1952) – Provident fund & retirement benefits.
Industrial Disputes Act (1947) – Settlement of industrial disputes.
Minimum Wages Act (1948) – Fixes minimum wages.
Payment of Gratuity Act (1972) – Gratuity after retirement/resignation.
Important Bills
Code on Wages Bill (2019) – Consolidates wage & bonus laws.
Industrial Relations Code Bill (2020) – Consolidates labor laws.
Code on Social Security Bill (2020) – Consolidates social security laws.
4. ECONOMIC & FINANCIAL
Important Acts
Income Tax Act (1961) – Taxation of income.
Companies Act (2013) – Corporate governance.
Banking Regulation Act (1949) – Rules for banks.
SEBI Act (1992) – Regulates securities market.
Goods & Services Tax (GST) Act (2017) – Unified indirect tax system.
Important Bills
Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code Bill (2016) – Resolves insolvency.
Real Estate (Regulation & Development) Bill (2016) – Protects homebuyers.
Direct Tax Vivad se Vishwas Bill (2020) – Settles tax disputes.
5. CRIMINAL & LEGAL
Important Acts
Indian Penal Code (IPC, 1860) – Criminal law.
Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC, 1973) – Criminal trial procedure.
Indian Evidence Act (1872) – Rules of evidence.
Prevention of Corruption Act (1988) – Corruption by public officials.
Juvenile Justice Act (2015) – Child protection & conflict with law.
Important Bills
Triple Talaq Bill (2019) – Criminalizes instant triple talaq.
Criminal Law (Amendment) Bill (2018) – Strengthens sexual offence punishments.
National Investigation Agency (Amendment) Bill (2019) – Strengthens NIA powers.
6. TECHNOLOGY & DATA
Important Acts
Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies) Act (2016) – Identification via Aadhaar.
Important Bills
Personal Data Protection Bill (2019) – Data privacy & protection.
Cryptocurrency & Regulation Bill (2021, proposed) – Regulates digital currency.
7. ENVIRONMENTAL & AGRICULTURE
Important Acts
Environment Protection Act (1986) – Pollution & environment protection.
Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act (1981) – Controls air pollution.
Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act (1974) – Controls water pollution.
Wildlife Protection Act (1972) – Protects wildlife.
Important Bills
Farmers’ Produce Trade & Commerce (Repeal) Bill (2021) – Repeals 2020 farm laws.
Environment Protection (Amendment) Bill (2020) – Strengthens pollution control.
Wildlife Protection (Amendment) Bill (2022) – Strengthens wildlife protection.
ACTS & BILLS IN INDIA – MCQS
1. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act relates to:
A) Fundamental Rights
B) Panchayati Raj
C) GST
D) Anti-defection
Answer: B) Panchayati Raj
2. The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 is famous for:
A) Introducing GST
B) Reversing Emergency provisions
C) Anti-defection law
D) Right to Education
Answer: B) Reversing Emergency provisions
3. POCSO Act was enacted in:
A) 2009
B) 2012
C) 2015
D) 2018
Answer: B) 2012
4. Triple Talaq Bill became law in:
A) 2017
B) 2018
C) 2019
D) 2020
Answer: C) 2019
5. The Right to Education Act provides free education for children aged:
A) 3–8 years
B) 6–14 years
C) 5–12 years
D) 6–16 years
Answer: B) 6–14 years
6. The 52nd Amendment Act (1985) deals with:
A) Fundamental Duties
B) Anti-defection
C) GST
D) Child Labour
Answer: B) Anti-defection
7. Aadhaar Act was passed in:
A) 2014
B) 2015
C) 2016
D) 2017
Answer: C) 2016
8. Industrial Disputes Act was enacted in:
A) 1947
B) 1948
C) 1950
D) 1952
Answer: A) 1947
9. Factories Act was enacted in:
A) 1947
B) 1948
C) 1950
D) 1952
Answer: B) 1948
10. GST Act was passed in:
A) 2014
B) 2015
C) 2016
D) 2017
Answer: D) 2017
11. Juvenile Justice Act was last amended in:
A) 2014
B) 2015
C) 2016
D) 2017
Answer: B) 2015
12. Minimum Wages Act was enacted in:
A) 1947
B) 1948
C) 1952
D) 1972
Answer: B) 1948
13. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents & Senior Citizens Act was passed in:
A) 2005
B) 2007
C) 2009
D) 2010
Answer: B) 2007
14. Personal Data Protection Bill was introduced in:
A) 2018
B) 2019
C) 2020
D) 2021
Answer: B) 2019
15. Direct Tax Vivad se Vishwas Bill was passed in:
A) 2018
B) 2019
C) 2020
D) 2021
Answer: C) 2020
16. SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act was enacted in:
A) 1986
B) 1989
C) 1992
D) 1995
Answer: B) 1989
17. Employees’ Provident Fund Act was enacted in:
A) 1948
B) 1950
C) 1952
D) 1955
Answer: C) 1952
18. Companies Act was last updated in:
A) 2006
B) 2010
C) 2013
D) 2015
Answer: C) 2013
19. Environment Protection Act was enacted in:
A) 1972
B) 1974
C) 1986
D) 1989
Answer: C) 1986
20. Triple Talaq Act falls under which category?
A) Labour Law
B) Criminal & Legal Law
C) Social Welfare
D) Economic Law
Answer: B) Criminal & Legal Law
21. The 101st Amendment Act introduced:
A) Right to Education
B) GST
C) Anti-defection law
D) SC/ST protection
Answer: B) GST
22. Representation of the People Act deals with:
A) Taxation
B) Elections
C) Banking
D) Social welfare
Answer: B) Elections
23. 52nd Amendment Act is related to:
A) Fundamental Rights
B) Anti-defection
C) Environment
D) Labour
Answer: B) Anti-defection
24. Women’s Reservation Bill aims to provide reservation in:
A) Judiciary
B) Parliament & State Assemblies
C) Schools
D) Civil Services
Answer: B) Parliament & State Assemblies
25. The 44th Amendment Act reversed provisions of which period?
A) 1962
B) Emergency (1975–77)
C) 1980
D) 1990
Answer: B) Emergency (1975–77)
26. 73rd Constitutional Amendment deals with:
A) Fundamental Duties
B) Panchayati Raj
C) Anti-corruption
D) Labour laws
Answer: B) Panchayati Raj
27. 74th Constitutional Amendment deals with:
A) Urban Local Bodies
B) Education
C) Environment
D) Banking regulation
Answer: A) Urban Local Bodies
28. National Commission for Backward Classes Bill strengthens:
A) SC Rights
B) NCBC powers
C) Minority Rights
D) Tribal Welfare
Answer: B) NCBC powers
29. Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019 is mainly about:
A) Voting rights
B) Citizenship for certain minorities
C) GST
D) Education
Answer: B) Citizenship for certain minorities
30. Anti-defection law was introduced through:
A) 44th Amendment
B) 52nd Amendment
C) 73rd Amendment
D) 101st Amendment
Answer: B) 52nd Amendment
31. Right to Information Act was enacted in:
A) 2004
B) 2005
C) 2006
D) 2007
Answer: B) 2005
32. Right to Education Act provides free education to children in the age group:
A) 5–12
B) 6–14
C) 6–16
D) 3–8
Answer: B) 6–14
33. POCSO Act protects:
A) Women at workplace
B) Children from sexual offences
C) Senior citizens
D) Farmers
Answer: B) Children from sexual offences
34. SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act was enacted in:
A) 1986
B) 1989
C) 1992
D) 1995
Answer: B) 1989
35. Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act provides maternity leave of:
A) 12 weeks
B) 16 weeks
C) 26 weeks
D) 20 weeks
Answer: C) 26 weeks
36. Maintenance & Welfare of Parents & Senior Citizens Act was enacted in:
A) 2005
B) 2007
C) 2009
D) 2010
Answer: B) 2007
37. Right to Education (Amendment) Bill was passed in:
A) 2018
B) 2019
C) 2020
D) 2021
Answer: B) 2019
38. Prohibition of Child Marriage Bill was introduced in:
A) 2005
B) 2006
C) 2007
D) 2008
Answer: B) 2006
39. Triple Talaq Bill was passed in:
A) 2017
B) 2018
C) 2019
D) 2020
Answer: C) 2019
40. Juvenile Justice (Amendment) Bill was passed in:
A) 2014
B) 2015
C) 2016
D) 2017
Answer: B) 2015
41. Factories Act was enacted in:
A) 1947
B) 1948
C) 1950
D) 1952
Answer: B) 1948
42. Employees’ Provident Fund Act was passed in:
A) 1948
B) 1950
C) 1952
D) 1955
Answer: C) 1952
43. Industrial Disputes Act was enacted in:
A) 1947
B) 1948
C) 1950
D) 1952
Answer: A) 1947
44. Minimum Wages Act was enacted in:
A) 1947
B) 1948
C) 1952
D) 1972
Answer: B) 1948
45. Payment of Gratuity Act was enacted in:
A) 1965
B) 1970
C) 1972
D) 1975
Answer: C) 1972
46. Code on Wages Bill consolidates:
A) Labour & employment laws
B) Taxation laws
C) Environment laws
D) Social security only
Answer: A) Labour & employment laws
47. Industrial Relations Code Bill was passed in:
A) 2018
B) 2019
C) 2020
D) 2021
Answer: C) 2020
48. Code on Social Security Bill consolidates:
A) Labour welfare & social security laws
B) GST laws
C) Banking laws
D) Education laws
Answer: A) Labour welfare & social security laws
49. Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act provides benefit for:
A) Women in government only
B) Women in private sector only
C) All working women
D) Only part-time workers
Answer: C) All working women
50. Factories (Amendment) Bill focuses on:
A) Minimum wages
B) Worker safety & health
C) Child labour
D) Pension schemes
Answer: B) Worker safety & health
51. Employees’ Provident Fund is managed by:
A) RBI
B) EPFO
C) SEBI
D) Finance Ministry
Answer: B) EPFO
52. Industrial Disputes Act aims to:
A) Solve labour disputes
B) Fix minimum wages
C) Provide gratuity
D) Regulate factories
Answer: A) Solve labour disputes
53. Minimum Wages Act ensures:
A) Maximum wages
B) Minimum wages
C) Provident fund
D) Bonus only
Answer: B) Minimum wages
54. Payment of Gratuity Act applies to:
A) Only government employees
B) Private sector with >10 employees
C) All employees with >5 years service
D) Only contractual employees
Answer: C) All employees with >5 years service
55. Factories Act ensures:
A) Tax collection
B) Worker safety & welfare
C) Child education
D) Social security
Answer: B) Worker safety & welfare
56. Code on Wages Bill was introduced in:
A) 2017
B) 2018
C) 2019
D) 2020
Answer: C) 2019
57. Industrial Relations Code Bill merges:
A) Factories Act & Wages Act
B) Industrial Disputes Act & Trade Union Act
C) Minimum Wages & Gratuity Act
D) Child Labour & Maternity Benefit Act
Answer: B) Industrial Disputes Act & Trade Union Act
58. Code on Social Security includes:
A) Provident Fund, Pension, Gratuity
B) GST rules
C) Banking regulation
D) Election laws
Answer: A) Provident Fund, Pension, Gratuity
59. Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Bill extended leave to:
A) 12 weeks
B) 16 weeks
C) 20 weeks
D) 26 weeks
Answer: D) 26 weeks
60. Factories Act applies to factories employing:
A) 5+ workers
B) 10+ workers
C) 20+ workers
D) 50+ workers
Answer: B) 10+ workers
61. Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act was passed in:
A) 2015
B) 2016
C) 2017
D) 2018
Answer: C) 2017
62. Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code was passed in:
A) 2015
B) 2016
C) 2017
D) 2018
Answer: B) 2016
63. Real Estate (Regulation & Development) Act was passed in:
A) 2015
B) 2016
C) 2017
D) 2018
Answer: B) 2016
64. Finance Bill is introduced:
A) Every 5 years
B) Every year
C) Every 10 years
D) Occasionally
Answer: B) Every year
65. Direct Tax Vivad se Vishwas Bill was passed in:
A) 2018
B) 2019
C) 2020
D) 2021
Answer: C) 2020
66. Companies Act was last updated in:
A) 2006
B) 2010
C) 2013
D) 2015
Answer: C) 2013
67. SEBI Act was enacted in:
A) 1988
B) 1990
C) 1992
D) 1995
Answer: C) 1992
68. Banking Regulation Act was passed in:
A) 1947
B) 1949
C) 1952
D) 1955
Answer: B) 1949
69. GST Bill before becoming an Act was introduced in:
A) 2015
B) 2016
C) 2017
D) 2018
Answer: B) 2016
70. Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code Bill consolidates:
A) Corporate insolvency & bankruptcy
B) Labour laws
C) Tax laws
D) Banking rules
Answer: A) Corporate insolvency & bankruptcy
71. Real Estate (RERA) Act aims to:
A) Control real estate prices
B) Protect homebuyers & regulate builders
C) Tax developers
D) Provide housing loans
Answer: B) Protect homebuyers & regulate builders
72. Finance Bill implements:
A) Budget proposals of government
B) Election rules
C) Labour laws
D) GST law
Answer: A) Budget proposals of government
73. Direct Tax Vivad se Vishwas Bill settles:
A) Banking disputes
B) Tax disputes
C) Labour disputes
D) GST disputes
Answer: B) Tax disputes
74. Companies Act 2013 replaces which older Act?
A) Companies Act 1956
B) Companies Act 1972
C) Companies Act 1992
D) Companies Act 2000
Answer: A) Companies Act 1956
75. SEBI Act regulates:
A) Banking
B) Securities market
C) Insurance sector
D) Taxation
Answer: B) Securities market
76. Indian Penal Code (IPC) was enacted in:
A) 1858
B) 1860
C) 1872
D) 1875
Answer: B) 1860
77. Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) was enacted in:
A) 1972
B) 1973
C) 1974
D) 1975
Answer: B) 1973
78. Indian Evidence Act was enacted in:
A) 1860
B) 1870
C) 1872
D) 1880
Answer: C) 1872
79. Prevention of Corruption Act was enacted in:
A) 1985
B) 1988
C) 1990
D) 1992
Answer: B) 1988
80. Triple Talaq Act falls under:
A) Labour laws
B) Criminal & Legal laws
C) Social welfare
D) Economic laws
Answer: B) Criminal & Legal laws
81. Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2018 strengthened:
A) Punishment for corruption
B) Punishment for sexual offences
C) GST rules
D) Labour laws
Answer: B) Punishment for sexual offences
82. Juvenile Justice Act protects:
A) Children in conflict with law
B) Elderly citizens
C) Workers’ rights
D) Homebuyers
Answer: A) Children in conflict with law
83. NIA (Amendment) Act 2019 strengthens:
A) Tax collection
B) Investigation of terrorism-related crimes
C) Labour inspection
D) Environmental protection
Answer: B) Investigation of terrorism-related crimes
84. SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act is related to:
A) Education
B) Social justice & protection of SC/ST
C) Banking
D) Labour welfare
Answer: B) Social justice & protection of SC/ST
85. POCSO Act protects:
A) Women at workplace
B) Children from sexual offences
C) Senior citizens
D) Farmers
Answer: B) Children from sexual offences
86. Aadhaar Act was passed in:
A) 2014
B) 2015
C) 2016
D) 2017
Answer: C) 2016
87. Personal Data Protection Bill was introduced in:
A) 2018
B) 2019
C) 2020
D) 2021
Answer: B) 2019
88. Cryptocurrency & Regulation Bill was proposed in:
A) 2019
B) 2020
C) 2021
D) 2022
Answer: C) 2021
89. Environment Protection Act was enacted in:
A) 1972
B) 1974
C) 1986
D) 1989
Answer: C) 1986
90. Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in:
A) 1972
B) 1981
C) 1986
D) 1989
Answer: B) 1981
91. Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in:
A) 1972
B) 1974
C) 1981
D) 1986
Answer: B) 1974
92. Wildlife Protection Act was enacted in:
A) 1970
B) 1972
C) 1974
D) 1976
Answer: B) 1972
93. Wildlife Protection (Amendment) Bill was passed in:
A) 2019
B) 2020
C) 2021
D) 2022
Answer: D) 2022
94. Farmers’ Produce Trade & Commerce (Repeal) Bill repealed:
A) 2018 laws
B) 2019 laws
C) 2020 farm laws
D) 2021 farm laws
Answer: C) 2020 farm laws
95. Environment Protection (Amendment) Bill aims to:
A) Control industrial pollution
B) Regulate labour laws
C) Improve tax collection
D) Promote banking sector
Answer: A) Control industrial pollution
96. GST Act replaced which previous tax system?
A) Income Tax
B) Sales Tax, Excise & Service Tax
C) Wealth Tax
D) Property Tax
Answer: B) Sales Tax, Excise & Service Tax
97. Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code replaced:
A) Banking Regulation Act
B) Sick Industrial Companies Act
C) Companies Act
D) Direct Tax Code
Answer: B) Sick Industrial Companies Act
98. RERA Act protects:
A) Workers’ wages
B) Homebuyers & transparency in real estate
C) Senior citizens
D) Farmers’ produce
Answer: B) Homebuyers & transparency in real estate
99. Direct Tax Vivad se Vishwas Bill deals with:
A) GST disputes
B) Direct tax disputes
C) Labour disputes
D) Environmental fines
Answer: B) Direct tax disputes
100. Personal Data Protection Bill ensures:
A) Data privacy & consent
B) Child protection
C) GST compliance
D) Labour rights
Answer: A) Data privacy & consent
