Linking Devices-class-12-English-grammer-board-exam-pattern-practice-questions-answers-chse
Summary:
Definition:
Linking devices are words or phrases that connect ideas, sentences, or clauses to make writing and speech coherent and smooth. They show relationships such as time, reason, contrast, purpose, condition, addition, or result.
1. Conjunctions
Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses.
Types:
Coordinating: connect equal ideas
Examples: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
Example: “I like tea and coffee.”
Subordinating: connect a dependent clause to an independent clause
Examples: because, although, if, when, since, unless, as
Example: “I stayed home because it was raining.”
2. Transition Words / Linking Adverbs
Connect ideas between sentences or paragraphs.
Show relationships like:
Addition: also, moreover, furthermore
Contrast: however, nevertheless, on the other hand
Cause & Effect: therefore, thus, consequently
Time / Sequence: then, next, finally, meanwhile
Example: “It rained heavily; therefore, the match was postponed.”
3. Relative Pronouns as Linking Devices
Introduce adjective clauses to link sentences:
Examples: who, whom, whose, which, that
Example: “The girl who won the prize is my friend.”
4. Purpose & Result Linking Words
Show reason, intention, or consequence:
Purpose: so that, in order that
Result: so, as a result, hence, consequently
Example: “He worked hard so that he could succeed.”
5. Condition Linking Words
Show conditions or hypotheses:
Examples: if, unless, provided that, in case
Example: “I will go to the park if it is sunny.”
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:
Linking devices improve flow and clarity in writing.
Always choose a linking word that matches the relationship between ideas.
Avoid overusing them; use naturally.
They can link words, phrases, clauses, or whole sentences.
FILL IN THE BLANKS
Q: ________ I was tired, I went to the party.
A: Although
Q: I stayed at home ________ it was raining.
A: because
Q: He worked hard, ________ he passed the exam.
A: so
Q: I will call you ________ I reach home.
A: when
Q: You can’t go out ________ you finish your homework.
A: until
Q: I like tea ________ I don’t like coffee.
A: but
Q: He was late ________ the traffic jam.
A: due to
Q: She studied hard, ________ she failed.
A: yet
Q: We can watch TV ________ we complete our work.
A: if
Q: I am hungry, ________ I will eat something.
A: so
Q: He works hard ________ he may succeed.
A: so that
Q: I didn’t go out ________ it was raining.
A: because
Q: We stayed at home ________ it was snowing.
A: as
Q: I like apples ________ I like oranges.
A: and
Q: She sings well, ________ she is also a dancer.
A: and
Q: I will call you ________ I reach.
A: as soon as
Q: He ran fast, ________ he missed the bus.
A: but
Q: I will not go out ________ it rains.
A: unless
Q: He was late, ________ he apologized.
A: so
Q: I like tea, ________ I don’t like coffee.
A: whereas
Q: She was tired, ________ she kept working.
A: yet
Q: He studied hard, ________ he couldn’t pass.
A: but
Q: I didn’t go to the party, ________ I was sick.
A: because
Q: I will come ________ you invite me.
A: if
Q: We were late ________ the train was delayed.
A: because
Q: He is rich, ________ he is not happy.
A: but
Q: I stayed home ________ it was raining heavily.
A: as
Q: I will help you ________ you need me.
A: whenever
Q: I like tea, ________ I don’t like coffee.
A: yet
Q: He is intelligent, ________ he failed the exam.
A: but
Q: I will call you ________ I reach the station.
A: when
Q: I will not go out ________ my work is done.
A: until
Q: She is talented, ________ she is modest.
A: and
Q: I stayed at home, ________ I was tired.
A: because
Q: I am hungry, ________ I will eat something.
A: so
Q: I will study hard, ________ I can pass the exam.
A: so that
Q: He likes coffee, ________ he doesn’t like tea.
A: whereas
Q: I didn’t attend the meeting, ________ I was ill.
A: because
Q: He worked hard, ________ he succeeded.
A: and
Q: I will go for a walk ________ it stops raining.
A: if
Q: I didn’t go out, ________ I was tired.
A: as
Q: She sings well, ________ she plays the piano.
A: and
Q: I will help you ________ you ask me.
A: if
Q: We stayed home, ________ it was snowing heavily.
A: because
Q: He is rich, ________ he is unhappy.
A: yet
Q: I will call you ________ I reach home.
A: when
Q: I will not go out ________ it stops raining.
A: until
Q: She is intelligent, ________ she failed.
A: but
Q: I like tea, ________ I don’t like coffee.
A: yet
Q: He studied hard, ________ he could not pass.
A: but
