CONDITIONALS IN ENGLISH - -class-12-grammer-board-exam-pattern-practice-questions-answers-chse

 

Conditionals are sentences that express a condition (cause) and its result (effect).

They usually have two parts:

 

If-clause (the condition)

Main clause (the result)

 

Example: If it rains (if-clause), we will stay at home (main clause).

 

TYPES OF CONDITIONALS AND RULES

 

1. Zero Conditional (Facts / Universal Truths)

 

Rule: If + Present Simple, Present Simple

 

Use: Facts, scientific truths, habits

 

Example: If you heat water, it boils.

 

Note: Always true; result is certain.

 

2. First Conditional (Real & Possible Future)

 

Rule: If + Present Simple, will + base verb

 

Use: Real situations in the future, likely to happen

 

Example: If you study hard, you will pass.

 

Note: Refers to possible results of a real condition.

 

3. Second Conditional (Unreal / Imaginary Present or Future)

 

Rule: If + Past Simple, would + base verb

 

Use: Imaginary situations, dreams, unlikely events

 

Example: If I were rich, I would travel the world.

 

Note: Used for impossible or less possible situations.

 

4. Third Conditional (Unreal Past / Regret)

 

Rule: If + Past Perfect, would have + Past Participle

 

Use: Imaginary or regretted past situations

 

Example: If she had studied, she would have passed.

 

Note: Cannot be changed; refers to the past.

 

5. Mixed Conditional (Combination of Time References)

 

Rule: If + Past Perfect, would + base verb (Present result of past condition)

 

Example: If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.

 

Note: Mixes past cause with present result.

 

General Rules to Remember

 

Use comma when “if-clause” comes first:

 

If it rains, I will take an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella if it rains.

 

In formal English, use were for all persons in second conditional:

If I were you, I would apologise.

 

Don’t use will in the if-clause:

❌ If he will come, I will go.

✔ If he comes, I will go.

 

Conditionals can also use unless, provided that, as long as instead of “if”.

You will fail unless you study.

I will help you provided that you are honest.

 

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES – Q&A PRACTICE

 

Zero Conditional (Facts / Universal truths)

 

Q: If you ___ (heat) ice, it ___ (melt).

Ans: If you heat ice, it melts.

 

Q: Plants die if they ___ (not/get) water.

Ans: Plants die if they do not get water.

 

First Conditional (Real future)

 

Q: If it ___ (rain) tomorrow, we ___ (stay) at home.

Ans: If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.

 

Q: She ___ (be) happy if you ___ (invite) her.

Ans: She will be happy if you invite her.

 

Q: If you study hard, you ___ (pass) the exam.

Ans: If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

 

Second Conditional (Unreal present/future)

 

Q: If I ___ (be) a bird, I ___ (fly) in the sky.

Ans: If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.

 

Q: He ___ (help) you if he ___ (be) here.

Ans: He would help you if he were here.

 

Q: If we had money, we ___ (buy) a car.

Ans: If we had money, we would buy a car.

 

Third Conditional (Unreal past)

 

Q: If she ___ (work) hard, she ___ (pass) the test.

Ans: If she had worked hard, she would have passed the test.

 

Q: They ___ (not/miss) the train if they ___ (start) earlier.

Ans: They would not have missed the train if they had started earlier.

 

Q: If I ___ (see) him, I ___ (tell) the truth.

Ans: If I had seen him, I would have told the truth.

 

Mixed Conditional

 

Q: If I ___ (study) medicine, I ___ (be) a doctor now.

Ans: If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.

 

Q: If he ___ (be) careful, he ___ (not/be) in hospital now.

Ans: If he had been careful, he would not be in hospital now.

 

Other Variations

 

Q: Unless you ___ (work) hard, you ___ (fail).

Ans: Unless you work hard, you will fail.

 

Q: I will help you provided that you ___ (tell) me the truth.

Ans: I will help you provided that you tell me the truth.

 

Q: Suppose he ___ (come) late, what ___ (you/do)?

Ans: Suppose he comes late, what will you do?

 

Extra Practice (Error Correction)

 

Q: If he will study, he will pass. (Correct the error)

Ans: If he studies, he will pass.

 

Q: If I was you, I will not do this. (Correct it)

Ans: If I were you, I would not do this.

 

Q: If they had left early, they will catch the train. (Correct it)

Ans: If they had left early, they would have caught the train.

 

Q: If the sun rise in the east, it will shine. (Correct it)

Ans: If the sun rises in the east, it shines.

 

Zero Conditional

 

Q: If you ___ (touch) fire, it ___ (burn).

Ans: If you touch fire, it burns.

 

Q: The teacher ___ (punish) students if they ___ (not/do) homework.

Ans: The teacher punishes students if they do not do homework.

 

Q: If people ___ (eat) too much junk food, they ___ (fall) sick.

Ans: If people eat too much junk food, they fall sick.

 

Q: If you ___ (mix) red and yellow, you ___ (get) orange.

Ans: If you mix red and yellow, you get orange.

 

Q: If the bell ___ (ring), the students ___ (leave) class.

Ans: If the bell rings, the students leave class.

 

First Conditional

 

Q: If I ___ (see) him tomorrow, I ___ (tell) him everything.

Ans: If I see him tomorrow, I will tell him everything.

 

Q: You ___ (miss) the bus if you ___ (not/hurry).

Ans: You will miss the bus if you do not hurry.

 

Q: If it ___ (snow) tonight, we ___ (stay) inside.

Ans: If it snows tonight, we will stay inside.

 

Q: They ___ (be) late if the train ___ (arrive) slowly.

Ans: They will be late if the train arrives slowly.

 

Q: If she ___ (not/practice), she ___ (forget) the song.

Ans: If she does not practice, she will forget the song.

 

Second Conditional

 

Q: If I ___ (know) his address, I ___ (visit) him.

Ans: If I knew his address, I would visit him.

 

Q: He ___ (not/be) poor if he ___ (work) harder.

Ans: He would not be poor if he worked harder.

 

Q: If we ___ (live) in Paris, we ___ (speak) French daily.

Ans: If we lived in Paris, we would speak French daily.

 

Q: If she ___ (be) older, she ___ (drive) a car.

Ans: If she were older, she would drive a car.

 

Q: I ___ (lend) you money if I ___ (have) enough.

Ans: I would lend you money if I had enough.

 

Third Conditional

 

Q: If you ___ (call) me, I ___ (come).

Ans: If you had called me, I would have come.

 

Q: He ___ (not/lose) his job if he ___ (be) punctual.

Ans: He would not have lost his job if he had been punctual.

 

Q: They ___ (win) the match if they ___ (play) better.

Ans: They would have won the match if they had played better.

 

Q: If I ___ (study) harder, I ___ (get) first division.

Ans: If I had studied harder, I would have got first division.

 

Q: She ___ (be) safe if she ___ (follow) traffic rules.

Ans: She would have been safe if she had followed traffic rules.

 

Mixed Conditional

 

Q: If he ___ (save) money, he ___ (be) rich now.

Ans: If he had saved money, he would be rich now.

 

Q: If I ___ (not/miss) the bus, I ___ (be) at school by now.

Ans: If I had not missed the bus, I would be at school by now.

 

Q: If she ___ (marry) him, she ___ (be) unhappy today.

Ans: If she had married him, she would be unhappy today.

 

Q: If I ___ (listen) to your advice, I ___ (not/suffer) now.

Ans: If I had listened to your advice, I would not suffer now.

 

Q: He ___ (be) a doctor if he ___ (study) medicine.

Ans: He would be a doctor if he had studied medicine.

 

Other Variations

 

Q: Unless you ___ (speak) the truth, nobody ___ (believe) you.

Ans: Unless you speak the truth, nobody will believe you.

 

Q: I ___ (help) you provided that you ___ (be) honest.

Ans: I will help you provided that you are honest.

 

Q: Suppose it ___ (rain), what ___ (you/do)?

Ans: Suppose it rains, what will you do?

 

Q: In case he ___ (come), I ___ (give) him the book.

Ans: In case he comes, I will give him the book.

 

Q: Had she ___ (study), she ___ (not/fail).

Ans: Had she studied, she would not have failed.