Class-XI PSYCHOLOGY

Chapter -Methods of Enquiry in Psychology

Short inside questions and answers:

1-10: Introduction to Methods of Enquiry

1. Q: What is the main goal of psychological enquiry?

A: To understand, describe, predict, and control behavior and mental processes.

2. Q: Name any two methods of psychological enquiry.

A: Observation and Experimentation.

3. Q: What is empirical research in psychology?

A: Research based on systematic observation and experimentation.

4. Q: Why is objectivity important in psychological research?

A: It ensures that results are unbiased and based on facts rather than personal opinions.

5. Q: What is meant by reliability in research?

A: The consistency of a research finding over time.

6. Q: What is meant by validity in psychological research?

A: The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

7. Q: Define sampling in research.

A: The process of selecting a subset of individuals from a larger population for study.

8. Q: What is a hypothesis?

A: A testable prediction about the relationship between variables.

9. Q: What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

A: Qualitative research focuses on descriptions and meanings, while quantitative research deals with numbers and statistics.

10. Q: What is case study method in psychology?

A: An in-depth study of a single individual or a small group over a period of time.

11-20: Observation and Experimental Methods

11. Q: What is observation in psychological research?

A: A method where researchers watch and record behaviors without interference.

12. Q: What are the two types of observation methods?

A: Naturalistic observation and controlled observation.

13. Q: Define naturalistic observation.

A: Observing behavior in its natural setting without interference.

14. Q: What is participant observation?

A: When the researcher becomes part of the group being studied.

15. Q: What is an experiment in psychology?

A: A research method where variables are manipulated to study cause-and-effect relationships.

16. Q: What are independent variables in an experiment?

A: Variables that are manipulated by the researcher.

17. Q: What are dependent variables in an experiment?

A: Variables that are measured to see the effect of the independent variable.

18. Q: What is a control group?

A: A group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment.

19. Q: Why are experiments conducted in a controlled environment?

A: To minimize external factors that could influence results.

20. Q: What is the main disadvantage of the experimental method?

A: It may not always reflect real-life situations.

21-30: Surveys, Interviews, and Correlation

21. Q: What is a survey method?

A: A research method that involves asking a large number of people questions to gather information.

22. Q: What is the advantage of using surveys?

A: They allow researchers to collect data from many participants quickly.

23. Q: Name one disadvantage of surveys.

A: Responses may be biased or dishonest.

24. Q: What is an interview method?

A: A research method that involves direct, face-to-face questioning of participants.

25. Q: What are the two types of interviews?

A: Structured and unstructured interviews.

26. Q: Define correlation in psychological research.

A: A statistical technique that measures the relationship between two variables.

27. Q: What is a positive correlation?

A: When two variables increase or decrease together.

28. Q: What is a negative correlation?

A: When one variable increases while the other decreases.

29. Q: What does a correlation coefficient of 0 indicate?

A: No relationship between the variables.

30. Q: Can correlation establish causation?

A: No, correlation only shows a relationship, not cause-and-effect.

31-40: Ethical Issues and Report Writing

31. Q: Why is ethics important in psychological research?

A: To protect participants’ rights and ensure research integrity.

32. Q: What is informed consent in research?

A: When participants are fully informed about the study and voluntarily agree to participate.

33. Q: What is debriefing in psychological research?

A: Informing participants about the true nature of the study after it ends.

34. Q: Why is confidentiality important in research?

A: To protect participants’ privacy and personal information.

35. Q: What is deception in research?

A: Misleading participants about the true purpose of a study.

36. Q: What is plagiarism in research?

A: Using someone else’s work or ideas without giving proper credit.

37. Q: What is the first step in writing a research report?

A: Defining the research problem and objectives.

38. Q: Why is the method section important in a research report?

A: It explains how the study was conducted, ensuring transparency.

39. Q: What is the purpose of the results section in a research report?

A: To present the findings of the study.

40. Q: What is the final step in the research process?

A: Drawing conclusions and suggesting future research directions.

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~Ridhi Tanaya Sahu