Class XI -PSYCHOLOGY

Chapter – Methods of Enquiry in Psychology

MCQs:

1. What is the primary goal of psychological enquiry?

a) To prove personal opinions

b) To develop common sense theories

c) To describe, explain, predict, and control behavior

d) To guess human actions

Answer: c) To describe, explain, predict, and control behavior

2. Which of the following is NOT a method of psychological enquiry?

a) Experimentation

b) Introspection

c) Astrological prediction

d) Observation

Answer: c) Astrological prediction

3. The process of carefully watching and recording behavior in a natural setting is called:

a) Case study

b) Experiment

c) Naturalistic observation

d) Survey

Answer: c) Naturalistic observation

4. The scientific method is based on:

a) Personal opinions

b) Systematic observation and experimentation

c) Authority and tradition

d) Guesswork

Answer: b) Systematic observation and experimentation

5. The case study method is most useful for studying:

a) Large populations

b) Rare phenomena and individual cases

c) Cause-and-effect relationships

d) Group behavior

Answer: b) Rare phenomena and individual cases

6. Which of the following is a disadvantage of the survey method?

a) It cannot reach many people

b) It is time-consuming

c) People may give socially desirable answers

d) It provides highly detailed data

Answer: c) People may give socially desirable answers

7. The method that involves manipulation of variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships is called:

a) Case study

b) Experiment

c) Survey

d) Observation

Answer: b) Experiment

8. In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is called:

a) Dependent variable

b) Extraneous variable

c) Independent variable

d) Confounding variable

Answer: c) Independent variable

9. The variable that is measured in an experiment is called:

a) Independent variable

b) Dependent variable

c) Control variable

d) Experimental variable

Answer: b) Dependent variable

10. What is the main advantage of experimental research?

a) It provides in-depth case information

b) It establishes cause-and-effect relationships

c) It is always ethical

d) It avoids all bias

Answer: b) It establishes cause-and-effect relationships

11. Which research method involves collecting data from a large group of people through structured questions?

a) Experiment

b) Survey

c) Case study

d) Observation

Answer: b) Survey

12. Which of the following is an example of qualitative research?

a) Measuring reaction times in a lab

b) Conducting an interview with a person about their childhood experiences

c) Testing the effects of a drug on memory

d) Surveying 1,000 people about their stress levels

Answer: b) Conducting an interview with a person about their childhood experiences

13. A psychologist who observes people in a mall without interacting with them is using:

a) Experimental method

b) Case study method

c) Naturalistic observation

d) Survey method

Answer: c) Naturalistic observation

14. In psychology, a hypothesis is:

a) A wild guess

b) A testable prediction

c) A proven fact

d) An unquestionable truth

Answer: b) A testable prediction

15. When a researcher studies an individual or a small group in great detail, it is called:

a) Experimental method

b) Survey method

c) Case study method

d) Correlational method

Answer: c) Case study method

16. A variable that can influence the outcome of an experiment but is not intentionally studied is called:

a) Independent variable

b) Dependent variable

c) Extraneous variable

d) Controlled variable

Answer: c) Extraneous variable

17. What is meant by ‘replication’ in psychological research?

a) Repeating an experiment to verify results

b) Using multiple-choice questions

c) Changing the hypothesis

d) Conducting research on different topics

Answer: a) Repeating an experiment to verify results

18. Which of the following is NOT an ethical guideline in psychological research?

a) Informed consent

b) Deception with no justification

c) Confidentiality

d) Protection from harm

Answer: b) Deception with no justification

19. The control group in an experiment:

a) Receives the independent variable

b) Is used to compare with the experimental group

c) Is never needed in research

d) Is not given any treatment

Answer: b) Is used to compare with the experimental group

20. Which research method is best for understanding cause-and-effect relationships?

a) Survey

b) Experiment

c) Case study

d) Naturalistic observation

Answer: b) Experiment

21. A correlation of +0.85 between two variables means:

a) No relationship

b) A weak relationship

c) A strong positive relationship

d) A strong negative relationship

Answer: c) A strong positive relationship

22. Which psychological research method involves the analysis of existing data?

a) Case study

b) Experimental method

c) Archival research

d) Survey

Answer: c) Archival research

23. In a double-blind experiment:

a) Only the participants know the treatment they are receiving

b) Only the researcher knows the treatment groups

c) Both participants and experimenters do not know the treatment groups

d) Everyone knows the treatment groups

Answer: c) Both participants and experimenters do not know the treatment groups

24. The research method that focuses on long-term changes in individuals is called:

a) Longitudinal study

b) Cross-sectional study

c) Experimental study

d) Case study

Answer: a) Longitudinal study

25. A correlation of -0.90 means:

a) A weak negative relationship

b) A strong positive relationship

c) A strong negative relationship

d) No relationship

Answer: c) A strong negative relationship

26. Random sampling is important because it:

a) Ensures every individual has an equal chance of selection

b) Reduces the number of participants

c) Makes the research biased

d) Guarantees significant results

Answer: a) Ensures every individual has an equal chance of selection

27. What is an operational definition?

a) A vague description of a concept

b) A precise way to measure a variable

c) A hypothesis

d) A research conclusion

Answer: b) A precise way to measure a variable

28. Ethical research requires:

a) Hiding the purpose of the study

b) Obtaining informed consent

c) Ignoring privacy concerns

d) Avoiding debriefing

Answer: b) Obtaining informed consent

29. A placebo effect occurs when:

a) Participants respond to a fake treatment as if it were real

b) The experimenter changes the results

c) The independent variable has no effect

d) The research is unethical

Answer: a) Participants respond to a fake treatment as if it were real

30. Which research method provides rich, detailed data about individuals?

a) Case study

b) Experimental method

c) Survey

d) Observation

Answer: a) Case study

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~Ridhi Tanaya Sahu