Class XI-Psychology
Chapter – Learning
MCQs:
1. Basic Concepts of Learning.
1. Learning is best defined as:
a) A temporary change in behavior
b) A permanent change in behavior due to experience
c) Change in behavior due to genetic factors
d) A reflex action
Ans: b) A permanent change in behavior due to experience
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of learning?
a) It is a lifelong process
b) It is based on experience
c) It always results in positive behavior
d) It leads to changes in behavior
Ans: c) It always results in positive behavior
3. The process of learning through observation and imitation is called:
a) Classical conditioning
b) Operant conditioning
c) Observational learning
d) Cognitive learning
Ans: c) Observational learning
4. Who is considered the father of Classical Conditioning?
a) B.F. Skinner
b) Albert Bandura
c) Ivan Pavlov
d) John Watson
Ans: c) Ivan Pavlov
5. The concept of “reinforcement” is associated with:
a) Classical Conditioning
b) Operant Conditioning
c) Insight Learning
d) Observational Learning
Ans: b) Operant Conditioning
2. Classical Conditioning
6. In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus when:
a) It is paired with an unconditioned response
b) It is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus
c) It elicits a spontaneous response
d) It is ignored by the subject
Ans: b) It is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus
7. In Pavlov’s experiment, the food acted as:
a) Conditioned Stimulus
b) Unconditioned Stimulus
c) Neutral Stimulus
d) Conditioned Response
Ans: b) Unconditioned Stimulus
8. The conditioned response in Pavlov’s experiment was:
a) Salivation to food
b) Salivation to the bell
c) The sound of the bell
d) Eating food
Ans: b) Salivation to the bell
9. When a conditioned response weakens and disappears, it is called:
a) Generalization
b) Discrimination
c) Extinction
d) Spontaneous recovery
Ans: c) Extinction
10. The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a rest period is called:
a) Generalization
b) Discrimination
c) Spontaneous recovery
d) Habituation
Ans: c) Spontaneous recovery
3. Operant Conditioning
11. Operant conditioning was introduced by:
a) Pavlov
b) B.F. Skinner
c) Watson
d) Thorndike
Ans: b) B.F. Skinner
12. The Law of Effect was proposed by:
a) Thorndike
b) Skinner
c) Bandura
d) Pavlov
Ans: a) Thorndike
13. A stimulus that increases the probability of a behavior occurring again is called:
a) Punishment
b) Reinforcement
c) Discrimination
d) Extinction
Ans: b) Reinforcement
14. Negative reinforcement:
a) Decreases behavior
b) Increases behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus
c) Punishes behavior
d) Strengthens punishment
Ans: b) Increases behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus
15. A behavior that is followed by a reward is more likely to be repeated. This is known as:
a) The Law of Exercise
b) The Law of Effect
c) Classical Conditioning
d) Cognitive Learning
Ans: b) The Law of Effect
4. Observational Learning
16. Observational learning was studied by:
a) Pavlov
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b) Skinner
c) Bandura
d) Thorndike
Ans: c) Bandura
17. The Bobo doll experiment demonstrated:
a) Operant Conditioning
b) Observational Learning
c) Classical Conditioning
d) Insight Learning
Ans: b) Observational Learning
18. Observational learning occurs through:
a) Direct reinforcement
b) Trial and error
c) Modelling others’ behavior
d) Unconscious behavior
Ans: c) Modelling others’ behavior
19. Which of the following is NOT a process in observational learning?
a) Attention
b) Retention
c) Motivation
d) Conditioning
Ans: d) Conditioning
20. Learning by watching others and imitating them is called:
a) Social Learning
b) Cognitive Learning
c) Insight Learning
d) Latent Learning
Ans: a) Social Learning
5. Other Learning Theories
21. Cognitive learning theory focuses on:
a) Reflexes
b) Stimulus-response connections
c) Mental processes
d) Rewards and punishments
Ans: c) Mental processes
22. Learning that occurs but is not immediately expressed is called:
a) Insight Learning
b) Latent Learning
c) Observational Learning
d) Trial-and-error Learning
Ans: b) Latent Learning
23. Insight learning was studied by:
a) Pavlov
b) Skinner
c) Kohler
d) Bandura
Ans: c) Kohler
24. Learning that takes place through sudden realization is:
a) Classical Conditioning
b) Operant Conditioning
c) Insight Learning
d) Latent Learning
Ans: c) Insight Learning
25. Which learning theory emphasizes rewards and punishments?
a) Operant Conditioning
b) Classical Conditioning
c) Insight Learning
d) Cognitive Learning
Ans: a) Operant Conditioning
6. General Learning Concepts
26. The ability to apply learned knowledge to new situations is:
a) Transfer of Learning
b) Discrimination
c) Extinction
d) Habituation
Ans: a) Transfer of Learning
27. The reduction in response to a repeated stimulus is called:
a) Generalization
b) Discrimination
c) Habituation
d) Reinforcement
Ans: c) Habituation
28. Learning that occurs in the absence of direct reinforcement is called:
a) Trial and error learning
b) Observational learning
c) Operant conditioning
d) Extinction
Ans: b) Observational learning
29. The process of strengthening a behavior through rewards is called:
a) Reinforcement
b) Punishment
c) Extinction
d) Discrimination
Ans: a) Reinforcement
30. When similar stimuli produce the same response, it is called:
a) Discrimination
b) Generalization
c) Habituation
d) Extinction
Ans: b) Generalization
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~Ridhi Tanaya Sahu
