Class XI-Psychology
Chapter -Human Memory
Short Questions and Answers:
Q:
What is memory?
A:Memory is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information.
Q:
What are the three stages of memory?
A:Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval.
Q:
What is encoding in memory?
A:Encoding is the process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory.
Q:
What is storage in memory?
A:Storage is the process of retaining encoded information over time.
Q:
What is retrieval in memory?
A:Retrieval is the process of accessing stored information when needed.
Q:
What are the types of memory?
A:Sensory memory, Short-term memory (STM), and Long-term memory (LTM).
Q:
What is sensory memory?
A:Sensory memory holds information from the senses for a very brief time (a few milliseconds to seconds).
Q:
What is short-term memory (STM)?
A:STM holds information for a short duration (about 20–30 seconds) with a limited capacity (7±2 items).
Q:
What is long-term memory (LTM)?
A:LTM stores information permanently with an unlimited capacity.
Q:
Who proposed the Multi-Store Model of memory?
A:Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin in 1968.
Q:
What is chunking in memory?
A:Chunking is grouping small pieces of information into larger units to enhance memory capacity.
Q:
What is working memory?
A:Working memory is an active system that temporarily holds and manipulates information for cognitive tasks.
Q:
Who proposed the Working Memory Model?
A:Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch in 1974.
Q:
What are the components of working memory?
A:Central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer.
Q:
What is declarative memory?
A:Declarative memory stores factual information and personal experiences.
Q:
What are the two types of declarative memory?
A:Episodic memory (personal experiences) and semantic memory (facts and knowledge).
Q:
What is procedural memory?
A:Procedural memory stores skills and habits, like riding a bicycle.
Q:
What is recall in memory?
A:Recall is retrieving information without cues, like answering an essay question.
Q:
What is recognition in memory?
A:Recognition is identifying previously learned information with the help of cues, like in multiple-choice questions.
A:
What is forgetting?
A:Forgetting is the failure to retrieve information from memory.
Q:
Who proposed the Forgetting Curve?
A:Hermann Ebbinghaus.
Q:
What does the Forgetting Curve show?
A:It shows that memory declines rapidly at first and then gradually over time.
Q:What is interference in memory?
A:Interference occurs when old or new information disrupts memory recall.
Q:
What are the types of interference?
A:Proactive interference (old memories disrupt new learning) and Retroactive interference (new learning disrupts old memories).
Q:
What is amnesia?
A:Amnesia is a partial or complete loss of memory due to injury, illness, or trauma.
Q:
What are the types of amnesia?
A:Retrograde amnesia (loss of past memories) and Anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories).
Q:
What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?
A:The hippocampus is responsible for forming new memories, especially declarative memory.
Q:
What is the role of the cerebellum in memory?
A:The cerebellum is involved in procedural memory and motor skills.
Q:
What is the Serial Position Effect?
A:It states that people tend to remember items at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list better than those in the middle.
Q:
What are mnemonics?
A:Mnemonics are memory aids or techniques that help in better recall, such as acronyms and visualization.
___________________________________
~Ridhi Tanaya Sahu
