Class XI-Psychology
Chapter – Human Development
Inside short questions and answers:
Extra 40 short questions and answers for Class 11 Psychology (CHSE Medium) on the topic Human Development:
1-10: Introduction to Human Development
1. What is human development?
Ans-Human development refers to the process of growth and change in a person’s physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional aspects throughout life.
2. Name the major domains of human development.
Ans-Physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development.
3. What is the lifespan perspective of development?
Ans-The lifespan perspective considers development as a continuous process from birth to old age.
4. Who proposed the theory of cognitive development?
Ans-Jean Piaget.
5. Define maturation.
Ans-Maturation is the biological process of growth and development that occurs naturally over time.
6. What is the difference between growth and development?
Ans-Growth refers to physical changes, while development includes overall changes in behaviour, cognition, and emotions.
7. What is socialization?
Ans-Socialization is the process by which individuals learn societal norms, values, and behaviors.
8. Which factors influence human development?
Ans-Heredity, environment, and interaction between the two.
9. What is meant by ‘nature vs. Nurture’ in human development?
Ans-It is the debate on whether genetics (nature) or environment (nurture) plays a greater role in development.
10. What do we mean by critical periods in development?
Ans-Critical periods are specific times during development when certain abilities or skills must be learned for proper growth.
11-20: Theories of Human Development
11. Name the stages of Piaget’s cognitive development theory.
Ans-Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational.
12. At what stage does object permanence develop?
Ans-Sensorimotor stage.
13. What is the key characteristic of the preoperational stage?
Ans-Egocentrism (difficulty in seeing others’ perspectives).
14. What is Erik Erikson’s theory known as?
Ans-The Psychosocial Theory of Development.
15. What is the first stage in Erikson’s psychosocial development theory?
Ans-Trust vs. Mistrust.
16. At what stage does identity vs. Role confusion occur?
Ans-Adolescence.
17. What did Vygotsky emphasize in his theory of development?
Ans-The role of social and cultural interactions in learning.
18. What is scaffolding in Vygotsky’s theory?
Ans-A process where adults or peers support a learner’s development until they can do tasks independently.
19. What is Kohlberg’s theory focused on?
Ans-Moral development
20. What are the three levels of moral development according to Kohlberg?
Ans-Pre-conventional, Conventional, and Post-conventional.
21-30: Stages of Human Development
21. What is the first stage of human development?
Ans-Prenatal stage.
22. Which period of development is known as infancy?
Ans-From birth to 2 years.
23. At what stage does puberty occur?
Ans-Adolescence.
24. Which stage is characterized by rapid physical and emotional changes?
Ans-Adolescence.
25. What are the major characteristics of early childhood?
Ans-Development of motor skills, language, and basic social interactions.
26. What is adolescence?
Ans-The transitional stage from childhood to adulthood , typically between 12-19 years.
27. What is a common emotional characteristic of adolescence?
Ans-Identity exploration and emotional instability.
28. What is middle adulthood marked by?
Ans-Career stability, family responsibilities, and physical changes like aging.
29. What is the final stage of human development?
Ans-Late adulthood.
30. What is senescence?
Ans-The natural aging process in late adulthood.
31-40: Factors Affecting Development
31. How does heredity influence human development?
Ans-It determines genetic traits such as height, intelligence, and personality.
32. How does the environment influence human development?
Ans-It shapes behaviour, learning, and social interactions.
33. What is the impact of nutrition on development?
Ans-Proper nutrition supports physical and cognitive growth.
34. How do family relationships impact development?
Ans-They influence emotional stability, self-concept, and social skills.
35. What is the role of peer influence in adolescence?
Ans-Peers affect decision-making, social behaviour, and identity formation.
36. How does culture affect human development?
Ans-It shapes values, beliefs, and behaviour patterns.
37. What is the impact of socioeconomic status on development?
Ans-It affects access to education, healthcare, and opportunities.
38. How does stress affect human development?
Ans-High stress can hinder cognitive and emotional growth.
39. What is the importance of education in human development?
Ans-It promotes cognitive and social skills, shaping future opportunities.
40. What role does technology play in human development?
Ans-It influences learning, communication, and behaviour, both positively and negatively.
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~Ridhi Tanaya Sahu
