Extra 30 short-answer questions and answers from the chapter "Rights" for Class 11 Political Science:
1. What are rights?
Answer: Rights are legitimate claims that individuals have against the state and society, recognized and protected by law.
2. Why are rights important in a democracy?
Answer: Rights ensure freedom, equality, and dignity of individuals, allowing them to participate fully in a democratic society.
3. How are rights different from privileges?
Answer: Rights are guaranteed by law and apply to all, while privileges are granted to specific individuals or groups and can be taken away.
4. What are Fundamental Rights?
Answer: Fundamental Rights are basic rights guaranteed by the Constitution to all citizens, ensuring equality, freedom, and justice.
5. Mention any two Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
Right to Equality
(Article 14-18)
Right to Freedom
(Article 19-22)
6. How does the Indian Constitution protect Fundamental Rights?
Answer: The judiciary safeguards Fundamental Rights, and Article 32 allows citizens to approach the Supreme Court if their rights are violated.
7. What is the Right to Equality?
Answer: Right to Equality ensures that no one is discriminated against based on caste, religion, gender, or place of birth.
8. Why was the Right to Property removed from Fundamental Rights?
Answer: The 44th Amendment Act (1978) moved the Right to Property to a legal right to promote social justice and land reforms.
9. What is the Right to Freedom?
Answer: Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22) includes rights like freedom of speech, movement, and protection against unlawful detention.
10. What is the Right against Exploitation?
Answer: It prohibits forced labour, human trafficking, and child labour (Articles 23 & 24).
11. What is the Right to Freedom of Religion?
Answer: It guarantees the right to practice, profess, and propagate any religion of choice (Articles 25-28).
12. What is the Right to Constitutional Remedies?
Answer: Article 32 allows individuals to approach courts if their Fundamental Rights are violated.
13. What are Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)?
Answer: DPSPs are guidelines for the government to establish social and economic justice, though they are not legally enforceable.
14. How are Fundamental Rights different from DPSPs?
Answer: Fundamental Rights are enforceable by law, whereas DPSPs are just guidelines for governance.
15. Why is the Right to Education important?
Answer: It ensures free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14 years (Article 21A).
16. What is the Right to Information (RTI)?
Answer: The RTI Act (2005) allows citizens to access government records to ensure transparency and accountability.
17. What is the significance of Article 32?
Answer: It is the "Heart and Soul of the Constitution" (as per Dr. B.R. Ambedkar), providing the right to constitutional remedies.
18. What are legal rights?
Answer: Legal rights are rights recognized by laws, like the Right to Property, which can be changed by Parliament.
19. What is the role of the judiciary in protecting rights?
Answer: The judiciary interprets laws, ensures justice, and can strike down unconstitutional actions of the government.
20. What is the relationship between rights and duties?
Answer: Rights and duties go together—enjoying rights requires fulfilling duties towards others and society.
21. How do human rights differ from legal rights?
Answer: Human rights are universal and inherent, whereas legal rights are granted and protected by laws of a country.
22. What is meant by "Habeas Corpus"?
Answer: It is a writ issued by courts to prevent illegal detention of a person.
23. What is the purpose of the Right to Privacy?
Answer: Recognized in 2017 by the Supreme Court, it protects personal information and freedom from surveillance.
24. What is the difference between civil and political rights?
Answer:
Civil rights
include
right to life, liberty, and privacy
.
Political rights
include
right to vote, contest elections, and form parties
.
25. What are economic and social rights?
Answer: These include the right to work, right to health, and right to education, ensuring economic well-being and social security.
26. How does the Indian Constitution protect minority rights?
Answer: Articles 29 and 30 provide educational and cultural rights to protect minorities.
27. What is affirmative action?
Answer: It refers to special policies like reservations for SCs, STs, and OBCs to ensure equal opportunities.
28. How do international organizations promote human rights?
Answer: The United Nations (UN) and International Human Rights Council (IHRC) work globally to protect human rights.
29. What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?
Answer: The UDHR (1948) is an international document ensuring basic human rights for all people.
30. What are the limitations on Fundamental Rights?
Answer: Fundamental Rights are not absolute and can be restricted for reasons like national security, public order, and morality.
