Extra 15 Important Long Questions & Answers on "Justice"
Class 11 Political Science
1. What is the meaning of justice? Explain its importance in society.
Answer:
Meaning of Justice:
Justice refers to fairness, equality, and impartial treatment in a society where rights and duties are distributed equitably. It ensures that every individual gets what they deserve based on laws, ethics, and social morality.
Importance of Justice in Society:
Ensures Equality
– Provides equal rights and opportunities to all individuals.
Protects Fundamental Rights
– Prevents discrimination and upholds dignity.
Promotes Social Harmony
– Reduces conflicts by ensuring fairness.
Supports Democracy
– Ensures political participation for all.
Maintains Rule of Law
– Establishes law and order through a legal framework.
Justice is the foundation of democracy, ensuring that every citizen enjoys equal protection under the law.
2. Discuss the different types of justice with examples.
Answer:
The four major types of justice are:
Social Justice:
Ensures fairness in society by eliminating discrimination.
Example:
The abolition of untouchability (Article 17 of the Indian Constitution).
Economic Justice:
Ensures fair distribution of wealth and resources.
Example:
Reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS).
Political Justice:
Guarantees equal political rights and participation.
Example:
Universal Adult Franchise (Right to Vote).
Legal Justice:
Ensures equal treatment under the law.
Example:
Right to free legal aid for the poor.
These types of justice work together to ensure fairness in society.
3. What is social justice? How can it be achieved?
Answer:
Social Justice:
Social justice means equal rights and opportunities for all, regardless of caste, religion, gender, or economic background. It aims to remove social inequalities and discrimination.
Ways to Achieve Social Justice:
Legal Protection
– Enforcing anti-discrimination laws (e.g., Article 15 & 17 in India).
Reservation Policies
– Providing educational and job opportunities to SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS.
Women Empowerment
– Equal pay and protection against harassment.
Educational Reforms
– Free and compulsory education for all children.
Equal Employment Opportunities
– Fair wages and better working conditions.
Social justice ensures that all citizens can participate equally in social, economic, and political life.
4. Explain John Rawls’ Theory of Justice.
Answer:
John Rawls, in his book "A Theory of Justice" (1971), introduced the concept of Justice as Fairness.
Principles of Rawls’ Theory:
Equal Liberty Principle:
Every individual should have
equal basic freedoms
(e.g., freedom of speech, religion).
Difference Principle:
Social and economic inequalities are acceptable
only if they benefit the least advantaged
.
Fair Equality of Opportunity:
All individuals should have equal access to jobs and education,
regardless of their background
.
Rawls' theory focuses on fairness and reducing inequalities, making it a widely accepted model of justice.
5. What is economic justice? Why is it important in a democracy?
Answer:
Economic Justice:
Economic justice ensures fair distribution of wealth, resources, and opportunities, preventing extreme wealth gaps in society.
Importance in Democracy:
Reduces Income Inequality
– Prevents monopolies and wealth concentration.
Ensures Equal Opportunities
– Everyone gets a chance to succeed.
Supports Social Welfare
– Government programs help the poor and marginalized.
Promotes Growth and Development
– Creates a fair economy for all citizens.
Prevents Exploitation
– Fair wages and
labour
rights protect workers.
Economic justice is crucial for maintaining social stability and fairness in a democracy.
6. How does the Indian Constitution ensure justice?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution ensures justice through various provisions:
Preamble:
Promises
social, economic, and political justice
for all citizens.
Fundamental Rights (Articles 14-18):
Right to Equality and protection against discrimination.
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):
Policies to reduce wealth inequality and promote welfare.
Abolition of Untouchability (Article 17):
Ensures
social justice
by eliminating caste-based discrimination.
Reservation Policies:
Provides
affirmative action
for SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS.
These provisions help India move towards a just and fair society.
7. What is political justice? How is it implemented in India?
Answer:
Political Justice:
Political justice ensures that all individuals have equal access to political rights like voting, contesting elections, and participating in governance.
Implementation in India:
Universal Adult Franchise (Article 326):
Every citizen above
18 years
has the right to vote.
Reservation in Elections:
Reserved seats for
SCs, STs, and OBCs
to ensure representation.
Free and Fair Elections:
Conducted by the
Election Commission of India (ECI)
.
Right to Form Political Parties:
Citizens can participate in
democratic governance
.
Right to Freedom of Expression (Article 19):
Allows criticism of the government and policy-making.
Political justice strengthens democracy and public participation in governance.
8. Explain the concept of affirmative action and its role in justice.
Answer:
Affirmative Action:
Affirmative action refers to special policies for historically disadvantaged groups to promote social and economic justice.
Role in Justice:
Reduces Historical Inequalities:
Helps SCs, STs, OBCs, women, and EWS groups.
Improves Representation:
In education, jobs, and politics.
Ensures Social Integration:
Prevents caste-based discrimination.
Promotes Equal Opportunities:
Helps marginalized communities access education and employment.
Example: Reservation system in India (Article 15 & 16) ensures justice for backward sections.
9. What are the major challenges in achieving justice?
Answer:
Social Discrimination
– Caste, gender, and religious biases still exist.
Economic Inequality
– Wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few.
Political Exclusion
– Some groups have less representation in governance.
Corruption in Judiciary
– Delayed and unfair trials reduce legal justice.
Lack of Awareness
– Many people are unaware of their rights.
Solution: Government policies, education, and strict enforcement of laws can help achieve true justice.
11. Discuss the role of the judiciary in ensuring justice.
Answer:
The judiciary plays a crucial role in ensuring justice by interpreting and upholding laws fairly and impartially.
Role of Judiciary in Ensuring Justice:
Protecting Fundamental Rights:
Judiciary ensures that citizens’ rights (e.g., equality, freedom) are protected.
Ensuring Rule of Law:
No one is above the law, and justice is delivered without bias.
Judicial Review:
Courts review government policies and strike down unconstitutional laws.
Providing Legal Justice:
Courts ensure fair trials and punish offenders appropriately.
Public Interest Litigation (PIL):
Allows citizens to seek justice on public matters.
Example: The Supreme Court of India has played an active role in delivering justice through landmark judgments like the abolition of triple talaq and decriminalization of Section 377.
12. How does social justice help in reducing caste and gender discrimination?
Answer:
Social justice ensures equal treatment and opportunities for all, regardless of caste, gender, or religion.
Ways Social Justice Helps Reduce Discrimination:
Equal Rights for All:
Laws like Article 15 prohibit discrimination based on caste or gender.
Reservation Policies:
Quotas in education and jobs uplift backward sections (SCs, STs, OBCs, EWS).
Women Empowerment:
Equal pay laws and anti-harassment laws protect women's rights.
Abolition of Untouchability (Article 17):
Criminalizes caste-based
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Give the last six questions with answers
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Here are the last six important long-answer questions with answers from the chapter Justice (Class 11 Political Science):
10. What is the relationship between justice and democracy?
Answer:
Justice and democracy are closely connected because democracy ensures equal political, social, and economic rights, which are essential for justice.
Relationship Between Justice and Democracy:
Equal Rights for All:
Democracy guarantees
fundamental rights
, ensuring social and legal justice.
Rule of Law:
In a democracy, no one is above the law, and justice is served fairly.
Political Justice:
Every citizen has the right to
vote, contest elections, and participate
in governance.
Social Justice:
Democracy promotes
policies like reservations and affirmative action
to ensure equality.
Judicial Independence:
A strong
judiciary protects justice
by interpreting laws impartially.
Example: India, as a democratic country, ensures justice through constitutional provisions, such as the Preamble, Fundamental Rights, and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
11. Discuss the role of the judiciary in ensuring justice.
Answer:
The judiciary plays a crucial role in maintaining justice by interpreting and enforcing laws fairly.
Role of Judiciary in Ensuring Justice:
Protecting Fundamental Rights:
Courts safeguard citizens' rights against government abuse.
Judicial Review:
The judiciary can
strike down unconstitutional laws
(e.g., repealing Section 377).
Ensuring Legal Justice:
Fair trials prevent wrongful punishment and discrimination.
Public Interest Litigation (PIL):
Allows ordinary citizens to seek justice on public issues.
Independent Judiciary:
Judges are
not influenced by the government
, ensuring fair decisions.
Example: The Supreme Court of India has given landmark judgments like abolishing triple talaq and right to privacy as a fundamental right.
12. How does social justice help in reducing caste and gender discrimination?
Answer:
Social justice promotes equality by removing barriers related to caste, gender, and economic status.
Ways Social Justice Helps Reduce Discrimination:
Legal Protection:
Article 15 of the Indian Constitution
prohibits discrimination based on caste or gender.
Reservation Policies:
Affirmative action (e.g.,
SC/ST/OBC reservations
) ensures equal opportunities in education and jobs.
Abolition of Untouchability:
Article 17
of the Constitution
bans caste-based discrimination.
Women Empowerment:
Laws like
Equal Pay Act
and
Anti-Domestic Violence Act
protect women's rights.
Educational Reforms:
Free and compulsory education under the
Right to Education Act (2009)
empowers marginalized groups.
Social justice ensures inclusive growth and a fair society by eliminating discrimination.
13. Explain the concept of natural justice with examples.
Answer:
Natural Justice refers to basic principles of fairness, impartiality, and reasonableness in legal matters.
Principles of Natural Justice:
No One Can Be a Judge in Their Own Case:
A decision-maker
must be impartial
and free from bias.
Right to Be Heard:
Every individual
must be given a fair chance
to present their case.
Evidence-Based Decision-Making:
Judgment should be
based on facts and evidence
, not personal opinions.
Examples:
A student
accused of cheating
must be given a chance to explain before punishment.
A company
firing an employee
must give valid reasons and an opportunity for
defense
.
Natural justice ensures fairness in courts, workplaces, and governance.
14. What is retributive justice? How is it different from restorative justice?
Answer:
Retributive and restorative justice are two different approaches to punishment and fairness.
|
Retributive Justice |
Restorative Justice |
|---|---|
|
Focuses on punishing the offender |
Focuses on rehabilitating the offender |
|
Based on the principle of "an eye for an eye" |
Based on reconciliation and forgiveness |
|
Ensures that criminals receive appropriate punishment |
Aims to repair the harm caused to victims |
|
Example: Death penalty for murderers |
Example: Community service for minor crimes |
Which One Is Better?
Retributive justice
is used for
serious crimes (murder, terrorism)
to maintain order.
Restorative justice
is used for
minor offenses
to reintegrate offenders into society.
Both types are important for a balanced legal system.
15. How can justice be ensured in a globalized world?
Answer:
In a globalized world, justice must be ensured at national and international levels.
Ways to Ensure Justice in Globalization:
Strong International Laws:
Organizations like the
United Nations (UN)
promote justice worldwide.
Human Rights Protection:
UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC)
ensures global human rights.
Economic Justice:
Fair trade policies must prevent exploitation of poor countries.
Social Justice:
Laws should
protect migrants, refugees, and marginalized groups
.
Judicial Cooperation:
Countries must work together to
fight terrorism and cybercrime
.
Example: The International Criminal Court (ICC) punishes global crimes like war crimes and genocide.
