Extra 30 short questions and answers from the chapter "Human Rights" for Class 11 Political Science:
1. What are human rights?
Answer: Human rights are the basic freedoms and rights that belong to all individuals, regardless of nationality, race, gender, or religion. They ensure dignity, equality, and justice.
2. When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted?
Answer: The UDHR was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948. This day is celebrated as Human Rights Day.
3. What are the main characteristics of human rights?
Answer:
Universal:
Applicable to all people worldwide.
Inalienable:
Cannot be taken away.
Indivisible:
All rights are equally important.
Enforceable:
Protected by laws and institutions.
4. How are human rights classified?
Answer: Human rights are classified into three categories:
Civil and Political Rights
(e.g., right to life, freedom of speech).
Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
(e.g., right to work, education).
Collective Rights
(e.g., right to self-determination, a clean environment).
5. What is the significance of the UDHR?
Answer: The UDHR is the first international document that defines human rights for all people. It sets a global standard for governments to ensure the protection of human dignity, equality, and freedom.
6. Which agency of the UN monitors human rights?
Answer: The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) monitors and promotes human rights globally.
7. What are some fundamental human rights listed in the UDHR?
Answer:
Right to life, liberty, and security (Article 3).
Right to freedom of expression (Article 19).
Right to education (Article 26).
Right to work and fair wages (Article 23).
8. What is the role of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India?
Answer: The NHRC investigates human rights violations, advises the government, and promotes human rights awareness in India.
9. When was NHRC established in India?
Answer: The NHRC was established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
10. What is the tenure of the NHRC chairperson in India?
Answer: The chairperson serves a 6-year term or until the age of 70, whichever is earlier.
11. What is Amnesty International?
Answer: Amnesty International is a global NGO that works for human rights protection, especially against torture, abuse, and wrongful imprisonment.
12. How does the Indian Constitution protect human rights?
Answer: Through Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35) and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) (Articles 36-51), ensuring equality, freedom, and justice.
13. What is the Right to Constitutional Remedies?
Answer: Under Article 32, individuals can approach the Supreme Court if their Fundamental Rights are violated.
14. What is the Right to Equality?
Answer: Right to Equality (Articles 14-18) ensures equal treatment before the law and prohibits discrimination based on caste, gender, or religion.
15. Which article of the Indian Constitution abolishes untouchability?
Answer: Article 17 abolishes untouchability in India.
16. What is the Right to Education?
Answer: Article 21A guarantees free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14 years in India.
17. How does the Right to Information (RTI) Act protect human rights?
Answer: The RTI Act (2005) ensures transparency and accountability by allowing citizens to access government information.
18. What is the Right against Exploitation?
Answer: Articles 23 and 24 protect individuals from forced labour, human trafficking, and child labour.
19. What is the Right to Freedom?
Answer: Articles 19-22 guarantee freedoms such as speech, movement, and association while protecting against arbitrary arrests.
20. What are some major human rights violations?
Answer:
Child
labour
and trafficking.
Racial and gender discrimination.
Suppression of freedom of speech.
Police brutality and unlawful detention.
21. What is a writ petition?
Answer: A writ petition is a legal request to the Supreme Court or High Court to protect Fundamental Rights.
22. What is Habeas Corpus?
Answer: It is a writ used to prevent illegal detention and ensure a person's right to liberty.
23. Which organization in India works for women's rights?
Answer: The National Commission for Women (NCW) promotes and protects women's rights in India.
24. What is the role of NGOs in human rights protection?
Answer: NGOs spread awareness, provide legal aid, and document human rights violations globally.
25. What is the Right to Privacy?
Answer: The Right to Privacy is recognized under Article 21 and ensures protection from unauthorized surveillance and data breaches.
26. What is the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)?
Answer: The UNCRC (1989) protects children's rights to survival, development, and participation in society.
27. What is meant by 'Environmental Rights'?
Answer: Environmental Rights ensure a clean and safe environment, protecting people from pollution and climate change effects.
28. What is the Right to Work?
Answer: The Right to Work ensures equal job opportunities, fair wages, and protection against workplace discrimination.
29. What is the Right to Development?
Answer: The Right to Development ensures people can participate in economic, social, and cultural progress.
30. How do courts protect human rights in India?
Answer: Courts protect human rights through judicial review, writ petitions, and interpretation of Fundamental Rights.
