Extra important long-answer questions on the chapter Globalisation from Class 11 Political Science
1. What is globalisation? Discuss its key features.
Answer:
Globalisation refers to the process of increasing interdependence and interconnectedness among countries in terms of economy, culture, politics, and technology.
Key Features of Globalisation:
Free Trade and Open Markets
– Removal of trade barriers and increase in international trade.
Expansion of Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
– Companies operate in multiple countries.
Technological Advancements
– The internet, digital transactions, and global media help connect the world.
Cultural Exchange
– Spread of ideas, values, music, food, and fashion across borders.
Political Integration
– Countries collaborate on global issues like climate change and terrorism.
2. What are the different dimensions of globalisation? Explain.
Answer:
Globalisation affects multiple aspects of human life.
Economic Globalisation:
Integration of national economies through trade, investment, and financial markets.
Political Globalisation:
International organisations like the UN and WTO influence national policies.
Cultural Globalisation:
Spread of languages, music, fashion, and lifestyle across countries.
Technological Globalisation:
Rapid exchange of scientific advancements and digital communication.
Social Globalisation:
Migration, tourism, and international education programs promote social connections.
3. How has technology contributed to globalisation?
Answer:
Technology plays a crucial role in globalisation by:
Improving Communication:
The internet, mobile phones, and social media allow instant global interactions.
Enhancing Transportation:
Faster and cheaper air, sea, and land transport make global trade easier.
Boosting Business and Trade:
E-commerce and online banking support international transactions.
Facilitating Cultural Exchange:
People access global content through movies, TV, and online platforms.
Expanding Education and Knowledge Sharing:
Online courses and digital libraries provide worldwide learning opportunities.
4. Discuss the positive effects of globalisation.
Answer:
Economic Growth:
Increases trade, investment, and GDP growth.
Employment Generation:
Expands job opportunities, especially in the IT and service sectors.
Technology Transfer:
Developing countries benefit from advanced technology from developed nations.
Cultural Exchange:
Promotes diversity and understanding among different cultures.
Improved Living Standards:
Access to global goods and services improves quality of life.
5. What are the negative impacts of globalisation?
Answer:
Economic Inequality:
Wealth is concentrated in developed countries and among large corporations.
Loss of Local Industries:
Small businesses struggle against international competition.
Environmental Damage:
Increased industrial activity leads to pollution and climate change.
Cultural Homogenisation:
Dominant cultures overshadow local traditions and languages.
Job Losses in Some Sectors:
Outsourcing and automation reduce employment in certain industries.
6. Explain the role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in globalisation.
Answer:
Investment in Developing Countries:
MNCs set up factories and offices, boosting local economies.
Job Creation:
They provide employment in host countries.
Technology Transfer:
Advanced production techniques are introduced in developing nations.
Global Trade Expansion:
MNCs facilitate international trade and global supply chains.
Consumer Benefits:
Provide a variety of high-quality goods and services at competitive prices.
7. How did globalisation impact the Indian economy?
Answer:
Foreign Investment Growth:
Increased Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in various sectors.
IT Sector Boom:
India became a global hub for IT and outsourcing services.
Rise of MNCs:
Many multinational companies established businesses in India.
Employment Opportunities:
Growth in private sector jobs, particularly in technology and retail.
Challenges:
Increased competition for small businesses, job losses in unorganised sectors.
8. What was the role of the 1991 Economic Reforms in globalisation in India?
Answer:
In 1991, India introduced Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation (LPG) policies.
Liberalisation:
Reduced government restrictions on trade and industry.
Privatisation:
Allowed private sector participation in key industries.
Globalisation:
Opened the economy to foreign investment and international trade.
Results:
Growth in GDP, increase in foreign investment, IT sector expansion, and modernisation of industries.
9. How does globalisation impact employment?
Answer:
Job Creation:
Expands opportunities in IT, BPO, manufacturing, and services.
Outsourcing Growth:
Companies hire workers from different countries at lower costs.
Job Losses:
Traditional industries suffer due to foreign competition.
Informal Labour Increase:
Many workers are forced into insecure, low-paying jobs.
10. What is cultural globalisation? How does it affect local cultures?
Answer:
Cultural Globalisation refers to the global exchange of ideas, values, traditions, and entertainment.
Positive Impact:
Promotes cross-cultural understanding, spreads education and technology.
Negative Impact:
Leads to cultural homogenisation, loss of local traditions, and dominance of Western culture.
11. How does globalisation impact the environment?
Answer:
Increased Pollution:
Industrial activities and transportation contribute to air and water pollution.
Deforestation:
Expanding trade and agriculture lead to loss of forests.
Climate Change:
Higher greenhouse gas emissions accelerate global warming.
Positive Impact:
Global awareness and policies like the Paris Agreement promote environmental sustainability.
12. How has globalisation affected small-scale industries?
Answer:
Increased Competition:
Small businesses struggle against large MNCs.
Market Expansion:
Opportunity to sell products in global markets.
Technology Upgrade:
Access to modern production methods.
Challenges:
Many traditional businesses shut down due to lack of government support.
13. What are the challenges of globalisation?
Answer:
Unequal Growth:
Benefits rich countries more than developing nations.
Job Insecurity:
Automation and outsourcing reduce local employment.
Cultural Erosion:
Local traditions are replaced by dominant global trends.
Environmental Issues:
Overuse of resources leads to ecological damage.
14. Discuss the role of WTO in globalisation.
Answer:
Regulates International Trade:
Ensures free and
fair trade
policies.
Dispute Resolution:
Solves trade conflicts between countries.
Reduces Trade Barriers:
Promotes tariff reduction.
Encourages Foreign Investment:
Helps developing countries integrate into the global economy.
15. How does globalisation affect developing countries?
Answer:
Economic Growth:
Increases trade and investment.
Employment Expansion:
Creates new job opportunities.
Technological Advancements:
Helps modernise industries.
Challenges:
Economic dependency on developed nations, loss of local industries.
