Extra 30 short questions and answers from the chapter Fundamental Rights for Class 11 Political Science:
What are Fundamental Rights?
Fundamental Rights are the basic rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution to all citizens for their development and protection against arbitrary actions of the state.
Why are Fundamental Rights important?
They ensure individual freedom, protect minorities, promote social justice, and establish the rule of law.
How many Fundamental Rights are provided by the Indian Constitution?
Originally, there were
7 Fundamental Rights
, but now
6
remain after the Right to Property was removed by the
44th Amendment Act, 1978
.
Which Part of the Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights?
Part
III
(Articles
12 to 35
) deals with Fundamental Rights.
What is the significance of Article 14?
Article 14 guarantees
"Equality before Law"
and
"Equal Protection of Laws"
, ensuring that the state treats every citizen equally.
What is the difference between "Equality before Law" and "Equal Protection of Laws"?
Equality before Law
means
no one is above the law
(British concept).
Equal Protection of Laws
means
everyone should get equal treatment under similar circumstances
(American concept).
Explain the importance of Article 15.
Article 15 prohibits
discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth
. However, the state can make
special provisions for women, children, and backward classes
.
What does Article 16 guarantee?
Article 16 ensures
equal opportunity in public employment
and prohibits discrimination on specific grounds.
What is the significance of Article 17?
Article 17
abolishes untouchability
and declares its practice as a punishable offense.
What is the meaning of "Abolition of Titles" under Article 18?
Article 18 prohibits the
state from conferring any title
(except military and academic distinctions) to promote equality.
What is Article 19?
Article 19 guarantees
six freedoms
: speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession.
What are the reasonable restrictions on Article 19?
The government can
restrict freedoms
in the interest of
security, sovereignty, public order, morality, defamation, and incitement to offense
.
What is the significance of Article 21?
Article 21 ensures
Right to Life and Personal Liberty
and has been expanded by the Supreme Court to include
Right to Privacy, Clean Environment, Health, Education, etc.
What is Article 21A?
Added by the
86th Amendment Act, 2002
, it guarantees
Right to Free and Compulsory Education
for children between
6-14 years
.
What is the meaning of Protection against Arbitrary Arrest under Article 22?
Article 22 gives rights related to
preventive and punitive detention
, such as informing the arrested person of the reasons, access to a lawyer, and presenting them before a magistrate within 24 hours.
Explain the meaning of the Right against Exploitation.
This right (Articles 23-24) prohibits
human trafficking, forced
labour
(
beggar
), and child
labour
under 14 years in hazardous industries
.
What does Article 25 state about religious freedom?
Article 25 guarantees
freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion
, subject to
public order, morality, and health
.
What is the significance of Article 26?
It gives
religious groups the right to establish and manage religious institutions
.
What does Article 27 say about taxation and religion?
No person shall be compelled to
pay taxes for promoting a particular religion
.
What is Article 28?
It prohibits
religious instruction in state-funded educational institutions
.
What is the Right to Cultural and Educational Rights?
Articles
29-30
protect the rights of
religious and linguistic minorities
to establish and manage their institutions.
What is Article 32, and why is it called the "Heart and Soul" of the Constitution?
Article 32 provides the
Right to Constitutional Remedies
, allowing citizens to approach the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
What are the five types of writs issued under Article 32?
Habeas Corpus
,
Mandamus
,
Certiorari
,
Prohibition
, and
Quo
Warranto
.
What is the Habeas Corpus writ?
It means
"to have the body"
and is issued to protect
individuals from illegal detention
.
What is the Mandamus writ?
It directs a
public authority to perform its legal duty
.
What is the Certiorari writ?
It orders a
lower court to transfer a case to a higher court
for review.
What is the Prohibition writ?
It prevents a
lower court from exceeding its jurisdiction
.
What is the Quo
Warranto
writ?
It challenges the
illegal occupation of a public office
.
Can Fundamental Rights be suspended?
Yes, during a
National Emergency (Article 359)
, except for Articles
20 and 21
.
Which Fundamental Right was removed, and why?
Right to Property (Article 31)
was removed by the
44th Amendment Act, 1978
, and made a
legal right (Article 300A)
to facilitate
land reforms
.
