Extra 20 short questions and answers on the Chapter "Executive in India" for Class 11 Political Science:

1. Q: What are the powers of the President of India?

A:
The President of India holds executive, legislative, judicial, diplomatic, and military powers. The executive powers include appointing key officials, including the Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, and judges. The President also has the power to issue ordinances, assent to bills, and represent India in foreign relations.

 

2. Q: What is the role of the Vice-President of India?

A:
The Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. He/she presides over its sessions, ensures the smooth conduct of its proceedings, and is responsible for maintaining decorum. The Vice-President also serves as the acting President in case of a vacancy or incapacity of the President.

 

3. Q: What is the process of impeachment of the President of India?

A:
The President can be removed through impeachment for violation of the Constitution. A motion for impeachment must be introduced in either House of Parliament, and it must be passed by a two-thirds majority in both Houses to remove the President from office.

 

4. Q: What is the power of the President to issue ordinances?

A:
The President has the power to issue ordinances when Parliament is not in session, if immediate action is required. However, such ordinances must be approved by Parliament within six weeks of reassembling to become law.

 

5. Q: Who appoints the Prime Minister of India?

A:
The President of India appoints the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha, and the President appoints him/her after the general elections.

 

6. Q: What is the significance of the Cabinet in the executive system of India?

A:
The Cabinet, headed by the Prime Minister, is the main decision-making body of the executive. It formulates and implements government policies, handles administrative matters, and is responsible for advising the President on important decisions.

 

7. Q: What are the discretionary powers of the President of India?

A:
The President can use discretionary powers in cases of a hung Parliament or when no party has a clear majority. The President may appoint the Prime Minister, dissolve the Lok Sabha, and take other decisions without the advice of the Cabinet in certain situations.

 

8. Q: What is the role of the Prime Minister of India?

A:
The Prime Minister is the head of the government and exercises executive powers. He/she formulates policies, represents the country in international relations, and leads the Cabinet in implementing government decisions. The Prime Minister is also the chief advisor to the President.

 

9. Q: How is the President of India elected?

A:
The President of India is elected by an Electoral College consisting of the elected members of both Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of States and Union Territories. The election is held by a system of proportional representation through a single transferable vote.

 

10. Q: What is the collective responsibility of the Cabinet?

A:
The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. This means that if the Lok Sabha passes a vote of no-confidence against the Cabinet, all members, including the Prime Minister, must resign from their positions.

 

11. Q: What are the legislative powers of the President of India?

A:
The President has the power to summon, prorogue, and dissolve the Lok Sabha. He/she gives assent to bills passed by Parliament, and in certain cases, the President can return a bill for reconsideration.

 

12. Q: What is the role of the President in the formation of the Council of Ministers?

A:
The President appoints the Prime Minister and other ministers of the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister advises the President on the formation of the Cabinet, and the President’s approval is required for the appointment of ministers.

 

13. Q: What are the judicial powers of the President of India?

A:
The President has the power to grant pardons, reprieves, and commutations, especially in death sentence cases. The President appoints judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts and can remove them after the impeachment process.

 

14. Q: What is the significance of the President’s role in foreign policy?

A:
The President represents India in foreign affairs, appoints ambassadors and diplomats, and signs treaties and agreements with other countries. The President’s role in foreign policy is largely ceremonial but important for the country’s international relations.

 

15. Q: How is the Prime Minister of India appointed?

A:
The President of India appoints the Prime Minister, who is usually the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. If no party has a clear majority, the President has the discretion to appoint a Prime Minister who can command the confidence of the majority in the Lok Sabha.

 

16. Q: What is the role of the President in a national emergency?

A:
In a national emergency, the President has the power to declare a state of emergency, either due to war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. During an emergency, the President can assume wide-ranging powers to maintain national security and order.

 

17. Q: What is the power of the President to dissolve the Lok Sabha?

A:
The President has the authority to dissolve the Lok Sabha and call for general elections. This can be done on the advice of the Prime Minister or when there is no majority to form a new government after elections.

 

18. Q: What is the role of the President in the appointment of Governors?

A:
The President appoints the Governors of states. The Governors represent the President in the states and are responsible for ensuring that the states adhere to the Constitution and central policies.

 

19. Q: What is the role of the President in the declaration of war or peace?

A:
The President of India is the supreme commander of the armed forces. War or peace declarations are made by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. However, such decisions must be confirmed by Parliament.

 

20. Q: How is the salary of the President of India determined?

A:
The salary and allowances of the President are determined by Parliament and are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India. The salary is not reduced during the President’s term in office.