Extra 30 short questions and answers from the chapter Equality for Class 11 Political Science:
What is equality in political science?
➤
Equality means providing every individual with equal opportunities and rights, ensuring no discrimination based on caste, religion, gender, or economic status.
What are the different types of equality?
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The main types of equality are:
Political Equality
Social Equality
Economic Equality
Legal Equality
Natural Equality
What is meant by natural equality?
➤
Natural equality means that all human beings are born equal and no one is naturally superior or inferior to another.
What does political equality mean?
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Political equality ensures that all individuals have equal political rights, such as the right to vote, contest elections, and participate in governance.
How does the Indian Constitution ensure social equality?
➤
The Indian Constitution provides social equality through
Article 15
, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, gender, or place of birth.
What is legal equality?
➤
Legal equality means that all individuals are equal before the law and have equal protection under the law, regardless of their background.
What does economic equality mean?
➤
Economic equality means reducing the gap between the rich and poor by ensuring equal access to resources, employment, and basic needs.
Which article of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality before law?
➤
Article 14
guarantees that the state shall not deny any person equality before the law or equal protection of the laws.
What is the difference between equality and uniformity?
➤
Equality means providing equal opportunities to all, while uniformity means treating everyone exactly the same, which may not be fair in all situations.
What is the importance of equality in democracy?
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Equality is essential in democracy as it ensures fair participation of all individuals in political, social, and economic life.
What is affirmative action?
➤
Affirmative action refers to policies that help disadvantaged groups, such as reservations in education and jobs for SCs, STs, and OBCs in India.
What is positive discrimination?
➤
Positive discrimination refers to special provisions for socially and economically weaker sections to ensure their upliftment, such as reservations for Dalits.
How does universal adult franchise promote political equality?
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Universal adult franchise gives every citizen the right to vote, ensuring that all individuals have equal political participation.
What is meant by social justice in relation to equality?
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Social justice means removing inequalities based on caste, religion, and gender to ensure fair treatment for all.
What does Article 17 of the Indian Constitution state?
➤
Article 17
abolishes untouchability and prohibits its practice in any form.
What is the main cause of economic inequality?
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Economic inequality arises due to factors like unequal wealth distribution, lack of education, and unemployment.
How does democracy promote equality?
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Democracy promotes equality by ensuring equal rights, universal adult franchise, and fair participation in governance.
What is the difference between formal and substantive equality?
➤
Formal equality
means equal legal rights, while
substantive equality
ensures real equality by addressing disadvantages through policies like reservations.
What is social equality?
➤
Social equality ensures that individuals are not discriminated against based on caste, race, religion, or gender.
Give an example of an Indian law that promotes gender equality.
➤
The
Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
ensures that men and women receive equal pay for equal work.
Who was the main advocate of economic equality?
➤
Karl Marx
argued for economic equality and the removal of class-based exploitation.
What is the principle of John Rawls’ "Theory of Justice"?
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John Rawls proposed that inequalities should benefit the least advantaged in society.
What was the main demand of the French Revolution regarding equality?
➤
The
French Revolution (1789)
demanded
"Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity"
, emphasizing social and political equality.
What role does the state play in ensuring equality?
➤
The state ensures equality by making laws, enforcing policies, and providing welfare programs to reduce disparities.
How do socialism and capitalism differ in their approach to equality?
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Socialism
promotes economic equality by state control of resources, while
capitalism
allows wealth concentration, leading to economic disparities.
What is meant by distributive justice?
➤
Distributive justice means fair allocation of wealth, resources, and opportunities to all sections of society.
How does inequality affect society?
➤
Inequality leads to social tensions, economic disparities, and limited opportunities for weaker sections, causing instability in society.
What is the significance of the 103rd Constitutional Amendment in India?
➤
The
103rd Amendment (2019)
introduced a 10% reservation for
Economically Weaker Sections (EWS)
in education and government jobs.
Which fundamental right guarantees equality in India?
➤
The
Right to Equality
, under
Articles 14-18
, guarantees equal treatment and opportunities for all citizens.
How does globalization impact equality?
➤
Globalization creates both opportunities and inequalities by promoting economic growth but also widening the gap between rich and poor.
