Extra 30 short-answer questions from the chapter "Development" in Class 11 Political Science:
1. What is development?
Answer: Development refers to the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of people by ensuring progress in areas such as health, education, income, and infrastructure.
2. What are the key aspects of development?
Answer: The key aspects of development include:
Economic growth (increase in income and GDP)
Social progress (education, healthcare, and equality)
Political stability and democratic governance
Environmental sustainability
3. How is development different from economic growth?
Answer: Economic growth refers to an increase in a country's income or GDP, whereas development includes broader aspects such as education, healthcare, and quality of life improvements.
4. What is Human Development Index (HDI)?
Answer: The HDI is an index developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) that measures a country's development based on life expectancy, education, and per capita income.
5. What are the components of HDI?
Answer:
Life Expectancy Index
– Measures health standards.
Education Index
– Based on literacy rate and school
enrolment
.
Income Index
– Measured using per capita income (GDP per capita).
6. Who developed the Human Development Approach?
Answer: Amartya Sen, an Indian economist, developed the capability approach to human development, which later influenced HDI.
7. What is meant by sustainable development?
Answer: Sustainable development refers to meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, ensuring economic, social, and environmental balance.
8. Name any two indicators of development.
Answer:
Per capita income (economic indicator)
Literacy rate (social indicator)
9. What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?
Answer: GDP is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a given year, used as a measure of economic growth.
10. What is Gross National Product (GNP)?
Answer: GNP is the total value of goods and services produced by a country’s residents, including income earned from abroad.
11. What is the difference between GDP and GNP?
Answer:
GDP
includes all production within a country, regardless of ownership.
GNP
includes income earned by nationals abroad but excludes production by foreigners in the country.
12. What is meant by inclusive development?
Answer: Inclusive development ensures that economic benefits reach all sections of society, including marginalized and disadvantaged groups.
13. What is the role of education in development?
Answer: Education enhances skills, increases job opportunities, promotes social mobility, and contributes to economic growth.
14. How does health contribute to development?
Answer: A healthy population is more productive, reducing healthcare costs and increasing economic efficiency.
15. What is the role of technology in development?
Answer: Technology improves productivity, enhances communication, facilitates innovation, and supports industrial and agricultural growth.
16. What is the importance of infrastructure in development?
Answer: Infrastructure like roads, electricity, water supply, and transport facilities boost economic activities and improve living standards.
17. What are the challenges to development in developing countries?
Answer:
Poverty and unemployment
Illiteracy and poor healthcare
Political instability
Environmental degradation
18. What is the Green Revolution?
Answer: The Green Revolution refers to the introduction of high-yield crops, irrigation, and fertilizers in agriculture to increase food production.
19. What is the significance of the service sector in development?
Answer: The service sector contributes significantly to GDP, creates employment, and promotes trade, IT, and finance industries.
20. What is the difference between economic development and human development?
Answer: Economic development focuses on financial growth, while human development includes overall well-being, such as health, education, and living standards.
21. What is the Gender Development Index (GDI)?
Answer: The GDI measures development while considering gender inequality in life expectancy, education, and income.
22. What is the role of the government in economic development?
Answer:
Formulating policies for economic growth
Providing public services (health, education)
Ensuring infrastructure development
23. What are Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?
Answer: The MDGs were eight global goals set by the United Nations in 2000 to reduce poverty, improve health, and promote sustainable development by 2015.
24. What replaced the MDGs after 2015?
Answer: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) replaced the MDGs, consisting of 17 global goals to be achieved by 2030.
25. What is the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in development?
Answer: FDI helps in capital formation, technology transfer, industrial growth, and employment generation.
26. What is the impact of globalization on development?
Answer: Globalization increases trade, technology exchange, and cultural interaction, but it can also lead to economic inequality.
27. What are the disadvantages of rapid industrialization?
Answer:
Environmental pollution
Depletion of natural resources
Displacement of local communities
28. What is the significance of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India?
Answer: The PDS provides subsidized food grains to low-income families, ensuring food security and poverty reduction.
29. What is the significance of the Human Poverty Index (HPI)?
Answer: The HPI measures deprivation in areas such as health, education, and living standards, identifying human poverty levels.
30. What is the importance of political stability in development?
Answer: Political stability attracts investments, ensures law and order, and creates a favourable environment for economic growth and development.
