Fundamentals of education – Class Note for 11 – Education Subject -CHSE - ODISHA
SYLLABUS
Fundamentals of education.
Meaning of education
Aims of education- Individual, Social, Democratic,& Vocational, Functions of education
Agencies of education- Formal, Informal, Non-formal; Active & Passive.
Role of Family, School, Community & Mass media as agencies of education.
FUNDAMENTALS OF EDUCATION
MEANING OF EDUCATION
The word Education is derived from:
- *Latin word "Educare"* – meaning "to bring up" or "to nourish".
- *Latin word "Educere"* – meaning "to draw out" or "to lead forth".
*Meaning:*
Education is a continuous process of development that helps an individual acquire knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes to become a responsible and useful member of society.
*Definitions:*
- *Mahatma Gandhi:* “By education, I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in child and man – body, mind, and spirit.”
- *John Dewey:* “Education is the process of living and not a preparation for future living.”
- *Swami Vivekananda:* “Education is the manifestation of the perfection already in man.”
*Key Points:*
- Lifelong process
- Brings mental, physical, moral, and social development
- Helps in personality development
AIMS OF EDUCATION
Education aims to bring about the complete development of the individual and make him a capable and responsible member of society.
1. Individual Aim
- Focuses on the *development of the individual’s personality*.
- Education should bring out a person’s potential and enable them to lead a successful life.
- Supported by philosophers like *Pestalozzi* and *Rousseau*.
*Key Objectives:*
- Intellectual development
- Emotional and moral growth
- Physical fitness
- Creativity and self-expression
2. Social Aim
- Emphasizes the *welfare of society* and preparation of individuals to contribute positively to it.
- Supported by *Durkheim* and *John Dewey*.
*Key Objectives:*
- Development of social feelings and cooperation
- Promotion of social harmony and responsibility
- Respect for cultural and moral values
3. Democratic Aim
- Education should prepare individuals to be *active, responsible, and tolerant citizens* in a democratic setup.
- Supported by *Mahatma Gandhi* and *Rabindranath Tagore*.
*Key Objectives:*
- Development of democratic values: equality, justice, liberty, fraternity
- Encouraging participation in community life
- Promoting respect for others’ opinions and rights
4. Vocational Aim
- Education should equip learners with *skills to earn a livelihood* and become self-reliant.
- Supported by *Spencer* and *Gandhian Basic Education*.
*Key Objectives:*
- Provide training in practical skills
- Promote dignity of labour
- Reduce unemployment
FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION
*1. Individual Functions*
- All-round personality development
- Moral and emotional growth
- Developing personal efficiency and creativity
*2. Social Functions*
- Socialization and cultural transmission
- Promoting social cohesion
- Preparing good citizens
*3. National Functions*
- Building national unity and identity
- Promoting economic and scientific progress
- Upholding democratic values
*4. Vocational Functions*
- Imparting employable skills
- Bridging education and industry
AGENCIES OF EDUCATION
Education is carried out through various *agencies* which may be:
*Formal, **Informal, or **Non-formal; and **Active* or *Passive*.
1. Formal Agencies
- Structured and organized system of education
- Has a fixed curriculum, timetable, and evaluation system
- Example: *Schools, Colleges, Universities*
*Features:*
- Planned and systematic
- Conducted by trained teachers
- Leads to certification
2. Informal Agencies
- Learning that occurs naturally through daily experiences
- Example: *Family, Peer groups, Mass media*
*Features:*
- No fixed syllabus or timetable
- Lifelong and spontaneous learning
3. Non-formal Agencies
- Organized educational activity outside the formal system
- Example: *Adult education, Distance education, Skill programs*
*Features:*
- Flexible and part-time
- Meets the needs of learners outside school-going age
4. Active and Passive Agencies
- *Active Agencies:* Directly influence learning (e.g., family, school, teacher).
- *Passive Agencies:* Indirectly influence learning (e.g., media, environment).
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ROLE OF DIFFERENT AGENCIES
1. Family
- *First socializing agency* of a child.
- Teaches language, manners, habits, morals, and cultural values.
- Provides emotional support and security.
2. School
- *Formal institution* for intellectual and social development.
- Prepares students for civic life and future careers.
- Develops discipline, cooperation, and leadership.
3. Community
- Offers *real-life learning situations* through festivals, local activities, and service.
- Promotes a sense of belonging and civic responsibility.
4. Mass Media
- Includes *TV, Internet, Newspapers, Social media, Radio*.
- Acts as a *powerful means of informal education*.
- Provides current information, awareness, and exposure to global knowledge.
KEY TERMS
- *Education:* Process of human development through learning.
- *Socialization:* Adapting individuals to social norms and values.
- *Vocational:* Related to practical work or occupation.
- *Democratic Values:* Equality, fraternity, liberty, and justice.
- *Agencies of Education:* Institutions or means through which education is imparted.
