Class 9 Geography Chapter 6 – "Water Resources," including 30 MCQs, 10 short answer questions, and 5 long answer questions with answers
30 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
What percentage of the world's water resources does India have?
a) 2.45%
b) 4%
c) 10%
d) 17%
Answer: b) 4%
How much water is available annually from precipitation in India?
a) 1,000 cubic km
b) 2,000 cubic km
c) 4,000 cubic km
d) 5,000 cubic km
Answer: c) 4,000 cubic km
What is the total utilizable water resource in India approximately?
a) 600 cubic km
b) 1,122 cubic km
c) 2,000 cubic km
d) 3,000 cubic km
Answer: b) 1,122 cubic km
Which is the main source of surface water in India?
a) Rivers, lakes, ponds, and tanks
b) Groundwater only
c) Rainwater harvesting alone
d) Oceans
Answer: a) Rivers, lakes, ponds, and tanks
How many rivers and their tributaries longer than 1.6 km exist in India approximately?
a) 5,000
b) 10,360
c) 15,000
d) 20,000
Answer: b) 10,360
Which river basins contain 60% of the total surface water resources of India?
a) Western Ghats rivers
b) Ganga, Brahmaputra, Barak
c) Southern rivers
d) Desert rivers
Answer: b) Ganga, Brahmaputra, Barak
What percentage of the total area in India is covered by these major river basins?
a) 20%
b) 25%
c) 33%
d) 40%
Answer: c) 33%
Agriculture accounts for about what percentage of surface water utilization?
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 89%
d) 95%
Answer: c) 89%
Which sector uses the least surface water in India?
a) Agriculture
b) Industry
c) Domestic sector
d) Fishing
Answer: b) Industry (2%)
Groundwater replenishable resource in India is approximately:
a) 200 cubic km
b) 350 cubic km
c) 432 cubic km
d) 500 cubic km
Answer: c) 432 cubic km
Which states have the highest groundwater utilization?
a) Kerala, Odisha, Chhattisgarh
b) Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
c) Bihar and Tripura
d) Assam and Meghalaya
Answer: b) Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
What percentage of net irrigated area in Punjab is irrigated through wells and tubewells?
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 76.1%
d) 80%
Answer: c) 76.1%
What are the methods to ensure water conservation mentioned in the chapter?
a) Rainwater harvesting
b) Water recycling and reuse
c) Watershed development
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
What is Jal Kranti Abhiyan?
a) A water security initiative by the government
b) A reservoir project
c) An NGO program for water
d) An irrigation canal
Answer: a) A water security initiative by the government
What is the impact of overuse of groundwater?
a) Groundwater depletion
b) Flooding
c) Soil erosion
d) Increase in rainfall
Answer: a) Groundwater depletion
Name a major multipurpose river valley project in India.
a) Bhakra-Nangal
b) Sardar Sarovar
c) Hirakud
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
What is the source of the river Narmada?
a) Vindhya range
b) Satpura range
c) Amarkantak hills
d) Western Ghats
Answer: c) Amarkantak hills [knowledge]
Which is the longest river in India?
a) Ganga
b) Indus
c) Brahmaputra
d) Godavari
Answer: a) Ganga [knowledge]
What is the major use of water in India?
a) Industrial use
b) Domestic use
c) Agricultural use
d) Recreational use
Answer: c) Agricultural use
What does watershed management involve?
a) Managing land and water resources within a watershed
b) Building dams only
c) Creating canals
d) Extracting groundwater
Answer: a) Managing land and water resources within a watershed
Water pollution affects:
a) Only humans
b) Aquatic life and humans
c) Only aquatic animals
d) Only plants
Answer: b) Aquatic life and humans
Where are arsenic-free wells constructed briefly?
a) Some selected areas
b) Cities only
c) Mountains
d) Desert regions
Answer: a) Some selected areas
What is the chief source of water pollution in rivers?
a) Sewage
b) Industrial waste
c) Both a and b
d) Rainwater
Answer: c) Both a and b
Which among the following states use lesser groundwater resources?
a) Odisha, Kerala, Chhattisgarh
b) Punjab, Haryana
c) Rajasthan
d) Tamil Nadu
Answer: a) Odisha, Kerala, Chhattisgarh
What is conjunctive use of water?
a) Use of both surface and groundwater efficiently
b) Use of only groundwater
c) Use of seawater
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Use of both surface and groundwater efficiently
What is rainwater harvesting?
a) Collecting and storing rainwater for future use
b) Digging wells
c) Seawater collection
d) Drinking rainwater directly
Answer: a) Collecting and storing rainwater
Which is the government body responsible for water resource management?
a) Ministry of Water Resources
b) Ministry of Forests
c) Ministry of Environment
d) None
Answer: a) Ministry of Water Resources [knowledge]
What is the common factor for water disputes in India?
a) Hydrological boundaries cross political boundaries
b) Lack of rainfall only
c) Excess rivers
d) None
Answer: a) Hydrological boundaries cross political boundaries [knowledge]
What is the major challenge in water management in India?
a) Unequal distribution of water resources
b) Too many rivers
c) No rainfall
d) All areas have enough water
Answer: a) Unequal distribution of water resources
What is the unit of measuring water resources?
a) Cubic meters
b) Cubic kilometers
c) Liters
d) Gallons
Answer: b) Cubic kilometers (for large volumes)
10 Short Answer Questions
What are the two major sources of water in India?
Answer: Surface water (rivers, lakes) and groundwater (wells, tubewells).
Why is water conservation necessary in India?
Answer: Due to increasing demand, uneven distribution, and depletion of groundwater.
Explain the importance of watershed management.
Answer: It conserves soil and water and improves water availability.
What is the role of multipurpose river valley projects?
Answer: To provide irrigation, hydroelectricity, flood control, and drinking water.
Name some of the major river valley projects in India.
Answer: Bhakra Nangal, Hirakud, Damodar Valley, Nagarjuna Sagar.
What sectors consume the most groundwater in India?
Answer: Agriculture consumes the maximum groundwater.
What is the impact of groundwater depletion?
Answer: Reduced water availability and drying up of wells.
How can rainwater harvesting help?
Answer: It helps recharge groundwater and supplements water supply.
Why do water disputes occur between Indian states?
Answer: Because rivers cross state boundaries and water is limited.
What are the major water pollution sources in India?
Answer: Industrial waste, sewage, untreated domestic waste.
5 Long Answer Questions
Describe the distribution and utilization of water resources in India.
Answer: India has about 4,000 cubic km precipitation annually, with 1,122 cubic km utilizable. Surface water includes rivers and lakes, mainly used in agriculture (89%), with groundwater being crucial in northwestern and southern India.
Explain the causes and consequences of groundwater depletion in India.
Answer: Causes include over-extraction for irrigation, industrial and domestic use without recharge. Consequences are reduced water availability, increased cost of pumping, and ecological damage.
Discuss the role of major multipurpose river valley projects in India.
Answer: These projects provide irrigation, hydroelectricity, flood control, and water supply, supporting agriculture and economic growth.
What measures can be taken for water conservation in India?
Answer: Rainwater harvesting, watershed management, recycling water, efficient irrigation, and pollution abatement measures.
Why are water disputes common in India? Suggest solutions.
Answer: Because rivers cross state boundaries; solutions include inter-state agreements, central legislation, joint management bodies, and dispute resolution mechanisms.
