Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 – "Climate" (NCERT), including 30 MCQs, 10 short answer questions, and 5 long answer questions with answers.
30 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
The climate of India is described as:
a) Mediterranean
b) Monsoon type
c) Temperate
d) Desert
Answer: b) Monsoon type
Which is the coldest month in northern India?
a) November
b) December
c) January
d) February
Answer: c) January
Southwestern monsoon in India occurs from:
a) March–May
b) June–September
c) October–December
d) January–February
Answer: b) June–September
The highest diurnal range of temperature is found in:
a) Kerala
b) Rajasthan/Thar Desert
c) Tamil Nadu
d) Assam
Answer: b) Rajasthan/Thar Desert
Which region receives the highest annual rainfall?
a) Thar Desert
b) Western Ghats & Assam Hills
c) Deccan Plateau
d) Eastern Ghats
Answer: b) Western Ghats & Assam Hills
The retreating monsoon occurs in:
a) October–November
b) March–April
c) June–September
d) December–January
Answer: a) October–November
Monsoons are caused by:
a) Pressure and winds
b) Latitude
c) Ocean currents
d) Volcanoes
Answer: a) Pressure and winds
The Himalayas protect India from:
a) Monsoon winds
b) Extreme cold winds from Central Asia
c) Hot winds from Africa
d) Ocean currents
Answer: b) Extreme cold winds from Central Asia
The highest recorded temperature in India (in May) is usually found in:
a) Kolkata
b) Delhi
c) Deccan Plateau
d) Northwestern India
Answer: d) Northwestern India
The Indian subcontinent has how many main seasons?
a) Four
b) Three
c) Two
d) Five
Answer: a) Four
Which of the following factors does NOT influence the climate of India?
a) Latitude
b) Altitude
c) International trade
d) Relief/terrain
Answer: c) International trade
The minimum temperature in Chennai during winter remains high because:
a) It is influenced by Western Disturbance
b) Proximity to the sea
c) Surrounded by mountains
d) Close to the equator
Answer: b) Proximity to the sea
The rainfall distribution in India is:
a) Uniform
b) Highly uneven
c) Same in every month
d) Increases from west to east in northern plains
Answer: b) Highly uneven
The bulk of rainfall in India is received during:
a) Winter
b) Summer (June–September)
c) Spring
d) Autumn
Answer: b) Summer (June–September)
The Indian climate is highly influenced by:
a) Pacific Ocean
b) Indian Ocean
c) Black Sea
d) Caspian Sea
Answer: b) Indian Ocean
Which state in India has the wettest place Mawsynram?
a) Assam
b) Meghalaya
c) Manipur
d) Sikkim
Answer: b) Meghalaya
The average temperature in northern plains during summer goes up to:
a) 30°C
b) 38°C to 45°C
c) 25°C
d) 10°C
Answer: b) 38°C to 45°C
The cold weather season in India starts from:
a) June
b) October
c) November
d) March
Answer: c) November
Onion-shaped pressure belt shifting is typical of:
a) Subtropical region
b) Monsoon region like India
c) Polar region
d) Desert region
Answer: b) Monsoon region like India
The western cyclonic disturbances are an important feature in:
a) Winter rainfall in north-west India
b) Monsoon rainfall in Kerala
c) Rainfall in eastern India
d) Post-monsoon squalls
Answer: a) Winter rainfall in north-west India
The minimum temperature decreases as we move:
a) From south to north
b) From north to south
c) From east to west
d) From west to east
Answer: a) From south to north
The most important factor unifying the Indian subcontinent's climate is:
a) Forests
b) The Himalayas
c) The monsoon
d) The rivers
Answer: c) The monsoon
Retreating monsoon brings rainfall to which state?
a) Tamil Nadu
b) Rajasthan
c) Punjab
d) Meghalaya
Answer: a) Tamil Nadu
The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts during:
a) Summer
b) Winter
c) Monsoon
d) Spring
Answer: a) Summer
The Deccan Plateau is dry because it:
a) Receives rainfall from retreating monsoon
b) Lies in a rain shadow region of Western Ghats
c) Is located near the sea
d) All of these
Answer: b) Lies in a rain shadow region of Western Ghats
Which of the following places has the least rainfall?
a) Shillong
b) Jaisalmer
c) Delhi
d) Mumbai
Answer: b) Jaisalmer
The term ‘monsoon’ is derived from:
a) Latin
b) Arabic
c) Greek
d) Sanskrit
Answer: b) Arabic
Which state receives the highest rainfall in India?
a) Kerala
b) Maharashtra
c) Meghalaya
d) Odisha
Answer: c) Meghalaya
Which of the following is a feature of Indian climate?
a) High degree of uniformity
b) Variability in rainfall pattern
c) No seasonal change
d) Extreme winter everywhere
Answer: b) Variability in rainfall pattern
Cyclones during monsoon generally hit the:
a) Arabian Sea coast
b) Eastern coast (Bay of Bengal)
c) Himalayas
d) Rann of Kutch
Answer: b) Eastern coast (Bay of Bengal)
10 Short Answer Questions
Name the four major seasons of India.
Answer: Cold weather (Winter), Hot weather (Summer), Advancing (Rainy) monsoon, Retreating monsoon.
What is meant by monsoon?
Answer: The term ‘monsoon’ means seasonal reversal in wind direction bringing distinct wet and dry seasons, mainly due to differential heating of land and water.
Name any two factors affecting the climate of India.
Answer: Latitude, altitude.
What is the ITCZ and its significance in Indian climate?
Answer: Inter Tropical Convergence Zone; its northward shift brings southwest monsoon winds to India.
Why does Tamil Nadu receive rainfall in retreating monsoon season?
Answer: Because the retreating monsoon picks up moisture from the Bay of Bengal and brings rain to Tamil Nadu.
What is 'rain shadow' region? Give one example.
Answer: Region on the leeward side of a mountain receiving less rainfall, e.g., The Deccan Plateau (leeward of Western Ghats).
What is the regional variation in temperature in India during summer?
Answer: Temperatures are much higher in the northwestern plains (up to 45°C), lower towards the south and coastal regions.
What type of rainfall is brought by western disturbances?
Answer: They bring winter rainfall to northwestern India, especially Punjab and Haryana.
Why do coastal areas have moderate climate?
Answer: Proximity to the sea moderates temperature making summers and winters less extreme.
What is 'burst of the monsoon'?
Answer: The sudden onset of the southwest monsoon in India with heavy rainfall.
5 Long Answer Questions
Explain the mechanism of monsoon in detail.
Answer: Involves differential heating of land and sea, low pressure over Indian landmass, shift of ITCZ, migration of monsoon trough, presence of jet streams, and the burst of southwest and retreating monsoons.
Describe the regional variations in the climate of India with examples.
Answer: Differences in temperature (Ladakh cold, Rajasthan hot), differences in rainfall (Mawsynram heavy, Jaisalmer scanty), and variations in duration of seasons across the country.
Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season in India.
Answer: Low temperature, high pressure, clear sky, dry air, western disturbances bring rainfall to north-west India, snow in Himalayan mountains.
Discuss the unifying influence of monsoon on the Indian subcontinent.
Answer: Monsoon brings rainfall to most regions, synchronizes agricultural activities, influences festivals, unites regions under a common climatic rhythm.
What are the major controls affecting the climate of India? Explain with examples.
Answer: Latitude, altitude, pressure/wind system, distance from sea, ocean currents, and relief; each contributes to India's diverse climate (e.g., presence of Himalayas, coastal proximity, and so on).
