Extra 30 short question and answer of chapter-2 "Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution" for Class 9 CBSE History:-
Q: What were the main ideas of liberals in 19th-century Europe?
A: They wanted a nation that tolerated all religions, opposed uncontrolled dynastic power, and advocated for representative, elected parliaments.
Q: What were the main ideas of radicals in 19th-century Europe?
A: They desired a government based on the majority of a country’s population and disliked the concentration of property in the hands of a few.
Q: What were the main ideas of conservatives in 19th-century Europe?
A: They opposed radicals and liberals, supported traditional institutions like the monarchy, and believed in gradual change.
Q: Who were the main thinkers of socialism?
A: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were key thinkers, advocating for a society without private property and with collective control.
Q: What was the significance of the "Communist Manifesto"?
A: It outlined Marx's and Engels's theory of class struggle and predicted the overthrow of capitalism by the proletariat.
Q: What was the state of Russian agriculture before the 1917 revolution?
A: The majority of the population were agriculturalists, but agriculture was inefficient and outdated.
Q: What was "Bloody Sunday" in Russia?
A: It was a massacre of peaceful protesters in 1905, which sparked widespread strikes and unrest.
Q: What were the main demands of the 1905 Russian Revolution?
A: Demands included a constitution, civil liberties, and an elected parliament (Duma).
Q: Who was Lenin, and what was his role in the Russian Revolution?
A: Lenin was the leader of the Bolsheviks, who advocated for a socialist revolution and led the October Revolution.
Q: What were the "Soviets"?
A: Soviets were workers' and soldiers' councils that played a crucial role in the Russian Revolution.
Q: What was the "February Revolution" of 1917?
A: It led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a provisional government.
Q: What was the "October Revolution" of 1917?
A: It was the Bolshevik seizure of power, leading to the establishment of the Soviet Union.
Q: What were Lenin's "April Theses"?
A: Lenin's demands for peace, land to the peasants, and power to the Soviets.
Q: What was the "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk"?
A: The treaty signed by Russia with Germany to exit World War I, resulting in significant territorial losses.
Q: What was the "Red Army"?
A: The Bolshevik army that fought against the "White Army" in the Russian Civil War.
Q: What was the "White Army"?
A: The anti-Bolshevik forces during the Russian Civil War, supported by foreign powers.
Q: What was "War Communism"?
A: An economic policy implemented by the Bolsheviks during the Civil War, involving nationalization and requisitioning.
Q: What was the "
Comin tern
"?
A: The Communist International, an organization formed to spread socialist revolutions worldwide.
Q: What was the "New Economic Policy" (NEP)?
A: A policy introduced by Lenin that allowed some private enterprise to revive the Russian economy.
Q: What was "collectivization" under Stalin?
A: The policy of consolidating small farms into large, state-controlled collective farms.
Q: What were Stalin’s “Five Year Plans”?
A: A series of economic plans aimed at rapid industrialization of the Soviet Union.
Q: What was the impact of the “Great Purge”?
A: A period of mass arrests, executions, and imprisonment of perceived enemies of Stalin.
Q: What was the role of women in the Russian Revolution?
A: Women played significant roles in protests and as workers, and the Bolshevik government made efforts to improve their status.
Q: What was the “Duma”?
A: The elected consultative parliament created in Russia after the 1905 revolution.
Q: What caused the 1905 revolution?
A: Discontent with Tsarist autocracy, economic hardship, and the “Bloody Sunday” massacre.
Q: How did World War I affect Russia?
A: It led to economic crisis, food shortages, and increased discontent, contributing to the revolution.
Q: What was the social impact of socialism in Europe?
A: It led to the formation of workers' associations and political parties advocating for better living and working conditions.
Q: What were the main differences between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks?
A: Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, wanted a radical revolution, while Mensheviks preferred gradual change.
Q: What were the effects of collectivization on Russian peasants?
A: It led to resistance, famine, and the loss of individual land ownership.
Q: How did Stalin consolidate his power after Lenin’s death?
A: By eliminating his political opponents, like Trotsky, and promoting his own cult of personality.
