Extar 30 short questions and answers of Chapter 8: Law and Social Justice of Class 8 Civics (CBSE):-
1. What is the main aim of laws in a society?
Answer: The main aim of laws is to maintain order, protect people's rights, ensure justice, and prevent exploitation and unfair practices.
2. What is social justice?
Answer: Social justice means ensuring equal rights, opportunities, and protection for all individuals, especially marginalized and weaker sections of society.
3. Why are laws important for workers?
Answer: Laws help protect workers from exploitation, ensure fair wages, provide safe working conditions, and prevent child labor and forced labor.
4. What is the Minimum Wages Act?
Answer: The Minimum Wages Act ensures that workers receive a basic minimum wage to prevent exploitation by employers and guarantee fair payment.
5. Why is child labor a serious issue?
Answer: Child labor deprives children of education, harms their physical and mental health, and keeps them trapped in poverty.
6. What is the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act?
Answer: This law bans the employment of children below 14 years in hazardous jobs and regulates their working conditions in non-hazardous jobs.
7. How does the government protect workers in the organized sector?
Answer: The government enforces laws such as the Minimum Wages Act, Factory Act, and Employees’ Provident Fund Act to protect workers' rights in the organized sector.
8. What are the problems faced by workers in the unorganized sector?
Answer: Workers in the unorganized sector often face low wages, job insecurity, long working hours, and unsafe working conditions.
9. What is the Environment Protection Act, 1986?
Answer: This law aims to prevent environmental pollution and protect natural resources by regulating industrial activities and waste management.
10. How does industrial pollution affect people?
Answer: Industrial pollution leads to air, water, and land contamination, causing health issues, environmental damage, and loss of biodiversity.
11. What was the Bhopal Gas Tragedy?
Answer: The Bhopal Gas Tragedy was a 1984 industrial disaster in which the leakage of methyl isocyanate gas from Union Carbide's factory killed thousands and affected many more.
12. What were the consequences of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy?
Answer: The tragedy caused thousands of deaths, long-term health issues, environmental contamination, and highlighted the need for stricter industrial laws.
13. Why do industries employ child labor?
Answer: Industries employ child labor because children can be paid lower wages, work longer hours, and are less likely to protest against unfair treatment.
14. What are the key provisions of labor laws in India?
Answer: Labor laws regulate working hours, wages, workplace safety, job security, and provide rights like paid leave and social security benefits.
15. Why is enforcing environmental laws difficult in India?
Answer: Many industries violate laws for profit, corruption weakens enforcement, and lack of awareness leads to poor implementation of environmental laws.
16. How do trade unions help workers?
Answer: Trade unions negotiate fair wages, fight for better working conditions, protect workers' rights, and provide support during disputes with employers.
17. What is the role of the government in ensuring social justice?
Answer: The government makes and enforces laws to protect workers, prevent exploitation, promote equality, and provide welfare schemes for marginalized groups.
18. What is the Right Against Exploitation in the Indian Constitution?
Answer: This right prohibits forced labor, human trafficking, and child labor, ensuring fair treatment and dignity for all workers.
19. How does the Consumer Protection Act help citizens?
Answer: This act safeguards consumers from unfair trade practices, defective goods, misleading advertisements, and ensures compensation for damages.
20. What does "Occupational Safety" mean?
Answer: Occupational safety refers to measures that protect workers from workplace accidents, injuries, and health hazards.
21. Why do labor laws need to be updated regularly?
Answer: Labor laws need updates to address new workplace challenges, technological changes, inflation, and evolving worker rights.
22. How does industrialization affect the environment?
Answer: Industrialization leads to pollution, deforestation, depletion of natural resources, and contributes to climate change.
23. What are the challenges in implementing social justice laws?
Answer: Corruption, lack of awareness, economic inequality, and resistance from powerful groups make implementation difficult.
24. How do multinational corporations (MNCs) impact workers’ rights?
Answer: Some MNCs exploit cheap labor, avoid strict regulations, and engage in unfair trade practices, but others follow ethical labor policies.
25. Why is equal pay for equal work important?
Answer: Equal pay ensures gender equality, prevents wage discrimination, and promotes fairness in the workplace.
26. What are some measures to reduce child labor?
Answer: Providing free education, strict enforcement of child labor laws, poverty reduction programs, and public awareness campaigns.
27. What is the significance of the Right to Education Act (RTE)?
Answer: The RTE Act ensures free and compulsory education for children aged 6–14, reducing child labor and improving literacy.
28. Why is corporate social responsibility (CSR) important?
Answer: CSR ensures companies contribute to social welfare, environmental protection, and ethical business practices.
29. How can citizens contribute to environmental protection?
Answer: Citizens can reduce waste, conserve water and energy, plant trees, and support eco-friendly initiatives.
30. Why should the government regulate industries?
Answer: Regulation ensures worker safety, environmental protection, fair wages, and prevents corporate exploitation.
