Extra 30 short-answer questions of Chapter 6, Confronting Marginalization, from Class 8 Civics (CBSE):-
1. What is marginalization?
Answer: Marginalization refers to the process by which certain groups are pushed to the edges of society and denied access to resources, rights, and opportunities due to their caste, religion, gender, or economic status.
2. Name two constitutional provisions that help marginalized groups in India.
Answer:
Article 15
– Prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
Article 17
– Abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form.
3. What are the ways in which marginalized groups assert themselves?
Answer: Marginalized groups assert themselves by demanding their rights, organizing protests, forming social movements, taking legal action, and preserving their cultural identity.
4. What is the role of laws in protecting marginalized communities?
Answer: Laws such as the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, the Forest Rights Act, and reservation policies help in providing social justice, preventing discrimination, and ensuring equal opportunities for marginalized communities.
5. How does reservation policy help marginalized groups?
Answer: Reservation in education, government jobs, and legislatures ensures representation, provides better opportunities, and helps marginalized communities overcome historical disadvantages.
6. Why is the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act important?
Answer: This act protects Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes from discrimination, violence, and atrocities by criminalizing such actions and ensuring strict legal consequences.
7. How do Adivasis fight for their rights?
Answer: Adivasis fight for their rights by protesting against displacement, demanding land rights under the Forest Rights Act, and preserving their culture through legal and social movements.
8. What role did B.R. Ambedkar played in confronting marginalization?
Answer: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar fought against caste discrimination, drafted the Indian Constitution, promoted Dalit rights, and led the Dalit Buddhist Movement to challenge social oppression.
9. Why are Dalits marginalized in India?
Answer: Dalits face marginalization due to historical caste-based discrimination, social exclusion, limited access to education and jobs, and practices like untouchability.
10. How do laws like the Forest Rights Act help Adivasis?
Answer: The Forest Rights Act, 2006 recognizes the traditional land rights of Adivasis and forest dwellers, allowing them to use and protect forest resources legally.
11. What is the importance of political representation for marginalized communities?
Answer: Political representation ensures that marginalized groups have a voice in law-making, policies address their concerns, and they can participate in decision-making processes.
12. What is untouchability? How is it addressed in the Constitution?
Answer: Untouchability is a form of caste discrimination were lower castes face social exclusion. The Constitution abolishes it under Article 17, making its practice a punishable offense.
13. Why is education important for marginalized groups?
Answer: Education empowers marginalized communities by providing knowledge, improving job opportunities, and enabling them to assert their rights and fight discrimination.
14. How do social movements help marginalized communities?
Answer: Social movements like the Dalit Panthers and Adivasi rights movements help in raising awareness, protesting discrimination, and demanding policy changes for equality.
15. What is the role of NGOs in helping marginalized communities?
Answer: NGOs provide legal aid, education, healthcare, and vocational training to marginalized communities, helping them improve their socio-economic conditions.
16. What are affirmative action policies?
Answer: Affirmative action policies, like reservations, provide opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups in education, employment, and political representation.
17. What are some economic challenges faced by marginalized communities?
Answer: Marginalized groups often suffer from poverty, lack of employment opportunities, low wages, and poor access to financial resources.
18. How does the Constitution protect religious minorities?
Answer: Articles 29 and 30 ensure cultural and educational rights for religious minorities, allowing them to establish and manage their own institutions.
19. What is the Dalit Panthers movement?
Answer: The Dalit Panthers was a social organization formed in 1972 to fight against caste-based oppression and advocate for Dalit rights.
20. Why do marginalized groups demand land rights?
Answer: Many marginalized communities, like Adivasis, depend on land for survival. Land rights prevent displacement and ensure their traditional way of life.
21. How does economic marginalization affect communities?
Answer: Economic marginalization leads to poverty, lack of access to resources, unemployment, and limited participation in economic growth.
22. What role does the media play in addressing marginalization?
Answer: Media highlights issues of discrimination, raises awareness, and puts pressure on the government to address the concerns of marginalized communities.
23. How are manual scavengers marginalized?
Answer: Manual scavengers belong to lower castes and face extreme discrimination, poor wages, and inhumane working conditions. Laws like the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers Act aim to rehabilitate them.
24. How can individuals help in reducing marginalization?
Answer: Individuals can promote equality, oppose discrimination, support affirmative action, and raise awareness about the rights of marginalized groups.
25. What is the significance of cultural preservation for marginalized communities?
Answer: Cultural preservation helps communities maintain their identity, traditions, and dignity while resisting forced assimilation or discrimination.
26. Why do marginalized groups form self-help organizations?
Answer: Self-help organizations provide financial support, legal aid, and community empowerment to help marginalized groups become self-reliant.
27. What is social exclusion?
Answer: Social exclusion is the process of denying certain groups access to opportunities, resources, and participation in social, economic, and political life.
28. How does discrimination lead to marginalization?
Answer: Discrimination based on caste, religion, or gender results in limited access to education, jobs, and political participation, pushing groups to the margins of society.
29. What is the importance of employment opportunities for marginalized communities?
Answer: Employment opportunities provide financial independence, improve social status, and help marginalized communities integrate into mainstream society.
30. What are some government schemes that support marginalized groups?
Answer:
Mid-Day Meal Scheme
– Encourages school enrollment for poor children.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
– Provides employment opportunities.
National SC/ST Finance Development Corporation
– Offers financial assistance for entrepreneurship.
