Extra 30 short-answer questions from Class 8 Geography, Chapter 5: Industries.
1. What is an industry?
Industry refers to economic activities involved in the
production of goods, extraction of minerals, and provision of services
.
Examples include the
iron and steel industry, mining, and tourism
.
Industries help in economic development and employment generation.
2. How are industries classified based on raw materials?
Agro-based industries
use plant and animal products (e.g., textile, sugar).
Mineral-based industries
use minerals and ores (e.g., iron and steel, cement).
Marine-based industries
use ocean resources (e.g., seafood processing).
Forest-based industries
use wood and other forest products (e.g., paper, furniture).
3. What are the different types of industries based on size?
Small-scale industries
: Require less capital and labour (e.g., pottery, handicrafts).
Large-scale industries
: Require huge investments and advanced technology (e.g., automobile, petroleum).
Cottage industries
: Family-run businesses with traditional techniques (e.g., weaving, embroidery).
4. What are the different types of industries based on ownership?
Private sector
: Owned by individuals or companies (e.g., TATA, Reliance).
Public sector
: Owned by the government (e.g., Indian Railways, BHEL).
Joint sector
: Managed by both private and government entities (e.g.,
Maruti
Suzuki).
Cooperative sector
: Owned and operated by a group (e.g., AMUL).
5. What factors influence the location of industries?
Raw materials
: Industries need to be close to raw material sources.
Labour supply
: Availability of skilled and unskilled workers.
Transport and infrastructure
: Good roads, railways, and ports for easy distribution.
Government policies
: Tax benefits and industrial policies impact location.
6. Why is raw material availability important for industries?
Reduces
transportation costs
.
Ensures
continuous production
.
Helps in
cost-effective manufacturing
.
Examples: Iron and steel industries near iron ore mines.
7. How does labour availability affect industries?
Skilled labour improves
productivity and efficiency
.
Reduces
training costs
for industries.
Labour-intensive industries (e.g., textiles) need a large workforce.
Unavailability of labour leads to
higher wages and operational costs
.
8. Why is market proximity important for industries?
Reduces
transportation expenses
.
Ensures
fast delivery of products
.
Helps industries in
understanding customer demand
.
Examples: FMCG industries are located near large cities.
9. What is industrial pollution?
Pollution caused by
factories releasing harmful waste
.
Includes
air pollution, water pollution, and land degradation
.
Leads to
climate change and health issues
.
Examples: Smoke from chemical factories polluting the air.
10. How can industrial pollution be controlled?
Use of
pollution control devices
(e.g., filters in chimneys).
Proper waste management
and recycling.
Use of
clean energy sources
(e.g., solar, wind power).
Strict
government regulations and monitoring
.
11. What are mineral-based industries?
Industries that use
minerals as raw materials
.
Examples:
Iron and steel, cement, aluminium industries
.
These industries are usually located near
mining areas
.
12. What are agro-based industries?
Industries that use
agricultural products
as raw materials.
Examples:
Cotton textiles, sugar, jute, food processing
.
These industries support
farmers and rural employment
.
13. What are public sector industries?
Industries
owned and operated by the government
.
Aim to provide
public services rather than profits
.
Examples:
Indian Railways, SAIL, ONGC
.
14. What are footloose industries?
Industries that are
not dependent on specific locations
.
Can be set up anywhere with
good infrastructure and skilled labour
.
Examples:
Software companies, IT industries, diamond cutting
.
15. What is a textile industry?
Industry related to the production of
fabric and clothing
.
Can be
cotton, wool, silk, or synthetic fibres
.
Major centres:
Ahmedabad (India), Manchester (UK)
.
16. What is the iron and steel industry?
A
mineral-based industry
that produces steel from iron ore.
Used in
construction, automobiles, and infrastructure
.
Major producers:
China, India, USA
.
17. What is a high-tech industry?
Industry using
advanced technology and automation
.
Examples:
IT, aerospace, robotics, biotechnology
.
Major hubs:
Silicon Valley (USA), Bengaluru (India)
.
18. Why is the steel industry called the backbone of modern industry?
Steel is used in
construction, transportation, and machinery
.
Essential for
building roads, bridges, and factories
.
Supports various industries like
automobiles and defence
.
19. What is industrialization?
Process of
developing industries in an economy
.
Leads to
urbanization and economic growth
.
Helps in
job creation and modernization
.
20. What are the negative impacts of industries?
Pollution
(air, water, soil).
Deforestation
for industrial expansion.
Loss of biodiversity
due to land degradation.
21. Why is Bangalore known as the "Silicon Valley of India"?
Major centre for
IT and software companies
.
Home to
tech giants like Infosys and Wipro
.
Availability of
skilled workforce and infrastructure
.
22. What are cottage industries?
Small-scale industries
run from homes
.
Use
traditional methods and simple tools
.
Examples:
Handloom, pottery, embroidery
.
23. What is a sunrise industry?
An
emerging industry with high growth potential
.
Examples:
Biotechnology, renewable energy, AI-based industries
.
24. What are the effects of globalization on industries?
Increased competition
among companies.
Expansion of trade
and foreign investment.
Improved technology and production methods
.
25. What is the role of transport in industrial development?
Helps in
moving raw materials and finished goods
.
Reduces
costs and improves efficiency
.
Examples:
Railways for coal, highways for manufacturing goods
.
advancements
and industrial growth.
26. What are the characteristics of heavy industries?
Require
large amounts of raw materials and capital investment
.
Use
complex machinery and advanced technology
.
Produce
heavy products like steel, machinery, and automobiles
.
Examples:
Iron and steel industry, shipbuilding industry
.
27. What is the difference between manufacturing and processing industries?
Manufacturing industries
convert raw materials into
finished goods
(e.g., automobile industry).
Processing industries
refine raw materials without making a new product (e.g., sugar and oil refining).
Manufacturing involves
complex production
; processing focuses on
purification and refining
.
Both contribute to
economic growth and industrialization
.
28. What are the advantages of industrial regions?
Easy access to raw materials and skilled labour
.
Well-developed transport and infrastructure
.
Encourage economic growth and job creation
.
Examples:
Mumbai-Pune industrial belt, Rhine industrial region (Germany)
.
29. How does industrialization lead to urbanization?
Attracts
migrants seeking jobs in industries
.
Leads to the
growth of cities and infrastructure development
.
Creates demand for
housing, transport, and social services
.
Examples:
Delhi, Mumbai, and Bengaluru grew due to industrialization
.
30. What are some challenges faced by industries in India?
Shortage of power supply
affecting production.
Lack of modern technology and skilled labour
.
Environmental issues like pollution and deforestation
.
Competition from international markets
.
