Extra 30 short-answer questions from Chapter 4: Judiciary, Class 8 Civics (CBSE):-

1. What is the role of the judiciary in India?

The judiciary interprets laws, protects fundamental rights, resolves disputes, and ensures justice.

2. What do you mean by the independence of the judiciary?

The judiciary functions without interference from the executive or legislature, ensuring impartial justice.

3. What are the three levels of courts in India?

The three levels are the Supreme Court (national level), High Courts (state level), and District Courts (local level).

4. What is judicial review?

Judicial review is the power of the judiciary to examine laws and government actions to ensure they follow the Constitution.

5. What is the meaning of 'separation of powers'?

It is a system where the three branches of government (legislative, executive, and judiciary) function independently.

6. What is meant by appellate jurisdiction?

Appellate jurisdiction refers to the power of higher courts to hear appeals against decisions of lower courts.

7. What is the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?

The Supreme Court has the authority to hear disputes directly involving the government, states, or fundamental rights.

8. What is Public Interest Litigation (PIL)?

PIL allows any citizen to file a case in court for public welfare, even if they are not directly affected.

9. What are the powers of the Supreme Court?

The Supreme Court has original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction and can review laws for constitutional validity.

10. What is a High Court?

A High Court is the highest judicial authority in a state, hearing appeals and overseeing lower courts.

11. What is the process to remove a Supreme Court judge?

A judge can be removed through impeachment by Parliament on grounds of proven misconduct or incapacity.

12. What do you mean by the term ‘rule of law’?

It means that all individuals, including the government, are subject to the law, ensuring equality before the law.

13. What are the different types of courts in a district?

A district typically has Civil Courts, Criminal Courts, and Revenue Courts.

14. What is the significance of the writ of Habeas Corpus?

It protects individuals from unlawful detention by allowing courts to demand their release.

15. What are the key functions of the judiciary?

The judiciary interprets laws, protects rights, resolves disputes, and checks government actions.

16. What is the advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?

The President can seek legal advice from the Supreme Court on constitutional or legal matters.

17. How does the judiciary act as the guardian of the Constitution?

The judiciary ensures that all laws and policies adhere to the Constitution through judicial review.

18. What are fundamental rights, and how does the judiciary protect them?

Fundamental rights are guaranteed freedoms, and the judiciary protects them by striking down unconstitutional laws.

19. How does a person approach the courts if their rights are violated?

They can file a case in the appropriate court, including through Public Interest Litigation (PIL).

20. What is meant by a subordinate court?

Subordinate courts are lower-level courts that function under the supervision of High Courts.

21. What is meant by judicial activism?

It refers to proactive decisions by courts to uphold justice and enforce fundamental rights.

22. How are judges of the Supreme Court appointed?

The President of India appoints Supreme Court judges in consultation with the Chief Justice of India.

23. What is the significance of the Supreme Court?

It is the highest court in India, ensuring justice and protecting the Constitution.

24. What is a civil case?

A civil case deals with non-criminal disputes, such as property, contracts, and marriage-related issues.

25. What is a criminal case?

A criminal case involves offenses like theft, assault, and murder, leading to legal penalties.

26. What is the tenure of a Supreme Court judge?

A Supreme Court judge serves until the age of 65.

27. What are the different types of writs issued by the courts?

The five writs are Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto.

28. What are Lok Adalats?

Lok Adalats are alternative dispute resolution mechanisms that settle cases quickly and without high costs.

29. What is contempt of court?

Contempt of court refers to actions that disrespect or defy the authority of the judiciary.

30. Why is the judiciary important for democracy?

The judiciary upholds justice, protects rights, and ensures that government actions comply with the Constitution.