CLIMATE OF INDIA – Class 7 : Social Science
SUMMARY
Climate vs Weather
Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere.
Climate is the average weather condition of a place for a long period (30+ years).
Factors affecting India’s climate
Latitude: India extends from the Tropic of Cancer (23½° N). North has cold winters, south is tropical.
Altitude: Himalayas protect India from cold winds from Central Asia.
Distance from the sea: Coastal areas (Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata) have moderate climate, while inland areas (Delhi, Jaipur) have extreme climate.
Relief features: Mountains affect rainfall – windward side gets heavy rain, leeward side remains dry.
Seasons in India (Major Climate Patterns)
Cold Weather Season (Winter): December to February, cold in north, mild in south.
Hot Weather Season (Summer): March to May, hot winds (loo) in north India.
South-West Monsoon (Rainy Season): June to September, brings heavy rainfall.
Retreating Monsoon (Autumn): October to November, withdrawal of monsoon, brings cyclones in Bay of Bengal.
Monsoon – a Key Feature
India’s climate is known as monsoon type of climate.
Monsoon winds bring nearly 80% of annual rainfall.
Monsoons are irregular – sometimes early, sometimes late, sometimes weak, sometimes heavy.
Distribution of Rainfall in India
Heavy rainfall: Western Ghats, North-east India (Mawsynram, world’s wettest place).
Moderate rainfall: Indo-Gangetic plains.
Low rainfall: Rajasthan, Gujarat, Ladakh.
Impact of Climate on Life
Agriculture depends on monsoon rainfall.
Festivals, food habits, houses, and clothing are influenced by seasons.
Droughts and floods are caused by irregular monsoons.
SHORT QUESTION AND ANSWER
Q1. Define climate.
Answer: Climate is the average weather condition of a place over a long period of time, usually 30 years or more.
Q2. What is meant by “monsoon type of climate”?
Answer: It means the climate of India is mainly influenced by seasonal reversal of winds, bringing wet and dry seasons.
Q3. Why is India called a tropical country?
Answer: Because the Tropic of Cancer passes almost through the middle of India, making most of it fall in the tropical zone.
Q4. How do the Himalayas affect India’s climate?
Answer: The Himalayas prevent cold winds from Central Asia and force monsoon winds to cause heavy rainfall.
Q5. Why do coastal areas have moderate climate?
Answer: Because the sea moderates the temperature, making summers cooler and winters warmer.
Q6. Why do interior parts of India have extreme climate?
Answer: Because they are far from the sea, so they experience very hot summers and very cold winters.
Q7. Mention the main seasons in India.
Answer: Winter, Summer, South-West Monsoon (Rainy season), and Retreating Monsoon (Autumn).
Q8. When does the winter season occur in India?
Answer: From December to February.
Q9. Describe the summer season in India.
Answer: From March to May, temperatures rise, and hot winds called loo blow in northern India.
Q10. What is the rainy season in India?
Answer: From June to September, when the south-west monsoon brings heavy rainfall.
Q11. What is the retreating monsoon season?
Answer: From October to November, when monsoon winds withdraw, causing cyclonic rains in eastern coast.
Q12. Which place in India receives the highest rainfall?
Answer: Mawsynram in Meghalaya.
Q13. Name two areas that receive very little rainfall.
Answer: Rajasthan desert and Ladakh.
Q14. What are trade winds?
Answer: Trade winds are permanent winds that blow towards the equator from the subtropical high-pressure belts.
Q15. Why is monsoon important for India?
Answer: Because Indian agriculture, rivers, and water supply mainly depend on monsoon rains.
Q16. What is the meaning of ‘burst of monsoon’?
Answer: The sudden onset of monsoon rains in India, usually in June.
Q17. Why is monsoon called “uncertain”?
Answer: Because it may arrive early or late, and the amount of rainfall is not uniform.
Q18. What are loo winds?
Answer: Loo are hot, dry winds blowing in northern India during summer.
Q19. What are cyclones?
Answer: Violent storms with heavy rains and strong winds, especially common in the Bay of Bengal.
Q20. Mention one effect of cyclones.
Answer: Cyclones cause flooding, loss of lives, and damage to property.
Q21. What is western disturbance?
Answer: A weather phenomenon bringing winter rainfall to north-western India.
Q22. Why does Tamil Nadu receive rainfall during retreating monsoon?
Answer: Because retreating monsoon winds pick up moisture from the Bay of Bengal and cause rain there.
Q23. Why is Rajasthan dry?
Answer: Because the Aravalli mountains run parallel to monsoon winds, so they do not cause rainfall.
Q24. Mention two factors affecting the climate of India.
Answer: Latitude and altitude.
Q25. Which places in India experience moderate climate?
Answer: Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata.
Q26. Which places in India experience extreme climate?
Answer: Delhi, Jaipur, Lucknow.
Q27. What type of climate does Kashmir have?
Answer: Cold climate with snowfall in winter.
Q28. What type of climate does Kerala have?
Answer: Hot and wet climate with heavy rainfall.
Q29. Why are monsoons called “life-giving winds”?
Answer: Because they provide water needed for agriculture, rivers, and drinking purposes.
Q30. Name two states affected by cyclones during retreating monsoon.
Answer: Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
Q31. How does latitude affect India’s climate?
Answer: Northern India has cold winters, while southern India remains warm due to tropical location.
Q32. How does altitude affect climate?
Answer: Higher areas like Himalayas are cold, while plains are hot.
Q33. What is the role of relief in climate?
Answer: Relief features like mountains affect rainfall distribution.
Q34. What is the duration of monsoon in India?
Answer: June to September.
Q35. Which place in India is called “desert region”?
Answer: Thar Desert in Rajasthan.
Q36. Which place in India is known as “cold desert”?
Answer: Ladakh.
Q37. What is meant by climatic diversity?
Answer: It refers to the wide variety of climatic conditions in India due to size and geographical features.
Q38. Why does Kerala receive the first monsoon showers?
Answer: Because monsoon winds first hit the western coast of India.
Q39. How is agriculture affected by monsoon failure?
Answer: It leads to drought, crop failure, and shortage of food.
Q40. Mention two human activities influenced by India’s climate.
Answer: Agriculture and festivals.
LONG QUESTION AND ANSWER
Q1. Explain the difference between weather and climate with examples.
Answer:
Weather is the short-term condition of the atmosphere of a place at a particular time. It includes daily changes in temperature, rainfall, humidity, sunshine, and wind. For example, if today is sunny and tomorrow is rainy, these are changes in weather.
Climate is the average weather condition of a place over a long period, usually 30 years or more. For example, Rajasthan has a hot and dry climate, while Kerala has a hot and wet climate.
Thus, weather changes daily, but climate is relatively permanent for a region.
Q2. Discuss the factors that affect the climate of India.
Answer:
The climate of India is affected by several factors:
Latitude: Areas near the Tropic of Cancer are hotter, while northern India has cooler winters.
Altitude: Higher places like Himalayas are colder than plains.
Relief: Mountains, like the Himalayas, stop cold winds and cause rainfall by monsoon winds.
Distance from the sea: Coastal areas (Mumbai, Chennai) have moderate climate; inland areas (Delhi, Jaipur) have extreme climate.
Winds: Monsoon winds control rainfall.
Ocean currents: Currents in oceans also affect coastal climate.
Q3. Describe the four main seasons of India.
Answer:
India has four main seasons:
Winter (Dec–Feb): Cold weather in the north, mild in the south; western disturbances bring rainfall to north India.
Summer (Mar–May): Hot and dry weather, with loo winds in northern plains.
Rainy Season (Jun–Sep): South-west monsoon brings heavy rainfall across India; agriculture depends on this season.
Retreating Monsoon (Oct–Nov): Monsoon winds withdraw; cyclones hit the eastern coast (Andhra, Tamil Nadu).
These seasons make India’s climate very diverse.
Q4. Why is monsoon important for India?
Answer:
Agriculture: 70% of Indian agriculture depends on monsoon rainfall.
Rivers and Lakes: Monsoon rains fill rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.
Drinking water: Villages and cities get water from monsoon-fed rivers.
Hydroelectricity: Monsoon-fed rivers generate hydroelectric power.
Economy: Good monsoons mean good crops, leading to economic growth. Poor monsoons cause droughts and food shortages.
Thus, monsoon is called the “life line of India.”
Q5. Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
Answer:
The Indian climate is described as a monsoon type because it is mainly influenced by the seasonal reversal of winds.
In summer, hot landmass of India creates low pressure, drawing moist winds from oceans. These bring rainfall (south-west monsoon).
In winter, high pressure develops over land, and dry winds blow outward (north-east monsoon).
Thus, India has distinct wet and dry seasons caused by monsoon winds.
Q6. Explain the role of the Himalayas in influencing India’s climate.
Answer:
The Himalayas act as a barrier to cold winds from Central Asia, protecting northern India from freezing temperatures.
They force the moisture-laden monsoon winds to rise, causing heavy rainfall in north and north-east India.
Without the Himalayas, India would have been a cold desert like Central Asia.
Thus, Himalayas play a very important role in shaping the Indian climate.
Q7. What are the characteristics of the rainy season in India?
Answer:
It begins in June and lasts till September.
The monsoon enters India through Kerala and spreads across the country.
About 80% of annual rainfall occurs in this season.
Some places like Mawsynram and Cherrapunji receive very heavy rainfall.
Rajasthan and Ladakh remain dry due to little effect of monsoon winds.
Agriculture and water supply in India mainly depend on rainfall of this season.
Q8. Explain the retreating monsoon and its importance.
Answer:
The retreating monsoon occurs from October to November.
During this season, monsoon winds withdraw from India, blowing back towards the Bay of Bengal.
They cause cyclones and rainfall in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha.
Importance: This rainfall is useful for growing rice in Tamil Nadu and filling tanks and reservoirs.
Q9. Why does Tamil Nadu receive rainfall during retreating monsoon?
Answer:
In October–November, the monsoon winds withdraw from northern India.
These winds pick up moisture from the Bay of Bengal and blow towards the eastern coast.
Tamil Nadu lies on the east coast, so it receives rainfall from these winds.
This is why Tamil Nadu gets winter rainfall, unlike other parts of India.
Q10. What is the distribution of rainfall in India?
Answer:
Heavy rainfall areas: North-east India (Mawsynram, Cherrapunji), Western Ghats.
Moderate rainfall areas: Indo-Gangetic plains, central India.
Low rainfall areas: Rajasthan desert, Gujarat, and Ladakh.
Thus, rainfall is very uneven in India, leading to diversity in vegetation and agriculture.
Q11. How does relief affect the climate of India?
Answer:
Relief features like mountains and plateaus strongly influence climate.
Himalayas: Stop cold winds and bring rainfall.
Western Ghats: Receive heavy rainfall on the windward side, but leeward side (rain shadow) remains dry.
Aravallis: Do not block monsoon winds, so Rajasthan is dry.
Thus, relief determines rainfall and temperature differences in India.
Q12. Explain why Rajasthan is dry while Meghalaya is wet.
Answer:
Rajasthan: Aravalli Hills run parallel to monsoon winds, so no rainfall occurs.
Meghalaya: Lies directly in the path of moisture-laden monsoon winds. Hills force them to rise and cause very heavy rainfall.
Therefore, Rajasthan is a desert, while Meghalaya is the wettest region in the world.
Q13. What are the main features of the hot weather season in India?
Answer:
It lasts from March to May.
High temperatures in north India (up to 45°C).
Hot winds called loo blow during day.
Pre-monsoon showers occur in Kerala (mango showers).
Farmers prepare fields for sowing before monsoon rains.
Thus, summer is hot and dry, but important for agriculture.
Q14. How do monsoons influence the life of people in India?
Answer:
Agriculture: Most crops like rice, wheat, and pulses depend on monsoon rainfall.
Water Supply: Rivers, lakes, and wells get water from monsoon rains.
Festivals: Many festivals like Onam and Pongal are linked with monsoon harvests.
Housing: Heavy rainfall areas have sloping roofs; dry areas have flat roofs.
Economy: Good monsoons bring prosperity, poor monsoons bring droughts.
Hence, monsoons greatly influence life in India.
Q15. Why is the climate of India described as diverse?
Answer:
India’s climate shows a lot of variety due to size and geography.
Kashmir has very cold climate with snow, while Kerala has hot and wet climate.
Rajasthan is dry desert, while Mawsynram has the heaviest rainfall.
Coastal areas have moderate climate, while interior areas have extreme climate.
Relief, latitude, and monsoons cause great variations.
Thus, India’s climate is diverse, ranging from tropical to alpine.
Q16. Why do coastal areas have moderate climate while interior areas have extreme climate?
Answer:
Coastal areas like Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata are near the sea. The sea absorbs heat slowly and also cools slowly, so it controls the temperature of nearby land. As a result, summers are not very hot and winters are not very cold – this is called moderate climate.
Interior areas like Delhi and Jaipur are far from the sea, so there is no moderating effect. Summers become very hot and winters very cold – this is called continental or extreme climate.
Q17. Why is monsoon rainfall in India uncertain and uneven?
Answer:
Monsoons depend on many factors such as wind direction, pressure systems, and temperature differences.
Sometimes they arrive early, sometimes late.
Some regions get very heavy rainfall (e.g., Cherrapunji), while others remain almost dry (e.g., Rajasthan).
Even in the same place, rainfall differs from year to year.
Thus, monsoon is uncertain and uneven in India.
Q18. Compare the climates of the Himalayan region and coastal region of India.
Answer:
Himalayan region: Very cold in winters, often snow-covered, pleasant in summers. High altitude makes it cooler.
Coastal region: Moderate climate throughout the year due to the sea. Summers and winters are mild, but rainfall is heavy due to monsoon winds.
Thus, Himalayas and coastal regions show a sharp contrast in climate.
Q19. Why is India called a tropical country?
Answer:
India lies mostly in the torrid zone between the Tropic of Cancer and the Equator.
Most of India has high temperatures and experiences tropical monsoon climate.
Only the northern mountainous parts (Himalayas) have cold climate.
Thus, India is generally called a tropical country.
Q20. Write a note on the cold weather season in India.
Answer:
The cold weather season lasts from December to February.
Northern India experiences very cold weather, while southern India remains comparatively warm.
Snowfall occurs in Himalayan regions.
Rainfall occurs in north-western India due to Western Disturbances.
The season is pleasant in most parts of India.
Q21. Explain the importance of rainfall for Indian agriculture.
Answer:
About 70% of India’s farmers depend on rainfall for irrigation.
Rainfall helps in sowing and growing crops like rice, maize, jowar, and bajra.
Insufficient rainfall leads to drought, crop failure, and famine.
Heavy rainfall supports crops like tea, coffee, and rubber.
Thus, rainfall is the backbone of Indian agriculture.
Q22. Why do western disturbances cause winter rainfall in north India?
Answer:
Western disturbances are moisture-laden winds from the Mediterranean Sea.
They enter north-west India during winter and cause light rainfall in Punjab, Haryana, and Delhi.
This rainfall is important for wheat cultivation in the Rabi season.
Q23. What is the role of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branches of the monsoon?
Answer:
The south-west monsoon splits into two branches:
Arabian Sea branch: Brings heavy rainfall to the Western Ghats and then moves northwards to Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Punjab.
Bay of Bengal branch: Moves towards north-east India, bringing heavy rainfall to Assam, West Bengal, and later northern plains.
Both branches are vital for India’s rainfall.
Q24. How do mountains influence the distribution of rainfall in India?
Answer:
Mountains force moist winds to rise, cool, and cause heavy rainfall on the windward side.
The leeward side receives very little rain (rain-shadow area).
Example: Western Ghats get heavy rainfall on the west, but the Deccan Plateau remains dry.
Himalayas cause rainfall in north-east India and prevent cold winds from entering.
Q25. Why is Mawsynram the wettest place on Earth?
Answer:
Mawsynram is located in Meghalaya, on the southern slopes of the Khasi Hills.
The Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon hits these hills directly.
Winds are forced to rise and cause very heavy rainfall.
As a result, Mawsynram records the highest average annual rainfall in the world.
Q26. Explain the importance of monsoon for India’s economy.
Answer:
Good monsoon ensures good crops, more trade, and higher income for farmers.
Industries like textiles and food processing depend on agricultural raw materials.
Rivers, dams, and hydroelectric projects work better with good rainfall.
Poor monsoons lead to droughts, crop failure, and economic losses.
Thus, monsoons strongly influence India’s economy.
Q27. Why is there diversity in India’s climate?
Answer:
India has great diversity in climate because of:
Large size of the country.
Different latitudes (tropical in the south, temperate in the north).
Presence of Himalayas in the north and seas in the south.
Uneven distribution of rainfall.
Hence, climate varies from hot desert (Rajasthan) to snowy cold (Himalayas).
Q28. Write a note on droughts and floods in India.
Answer:
Drought: Caused by failure of monsoon, leads to water shortage, crop failure, and famine.
Floods: Caused by heavy monsoon rains, rivers overflow and damage crops, houses, and roads.
Both droughts and floods are common in India because monsoon is irregular.
Q29. How does latitude influence the climate of India?
Answer:
India extends from 8°N to 37°N latitudes.
The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle.
Southern India lies in the tropical zone – hot and humid climate.
Northern India lies in the temperate zone – cooler winters.
Thus, latitude divides India into tropical and subtropical climates.
Q30. What is meant by ‘monsoon winds are a unifying bond in India’?
Answer:
Monsoon winds bring rainfall to most parts of India at the same time.
Crops like rice, pulses, and cotton are sown together across regions.
Festivals, traditions, and agricultural activities are linked to monsoons.
People eagerly wait for monsoon rains every year.
Hence, monsoon acts as a unifying bond in India.
Q31. Describe the climatic conditions of the Thar Desert.
Answer:
The Thar Desert in Rajasthan has hot and dry climate.
Very high temperatures in summer, very cold in winter nights.
Very low rainfall (less than 25 cm annually).
Loo winds blow in summer.
Thus, the Thar Desert has extreme climate and is arid.
Q32. Why do farmers depend heavily on the monsoon in India?
Answer:
About 60–70% of farmers do not have irrigation facilities.
Monsoon rains are necessary for sowing crops like rice, maize, pulses, and cotton.
Insufficient rainfall causes crop failure, while good rainfall ensures bumper harvest.
Therefore, monsoons directly affect farmers’ lives and income.
Q33. How does altitude affect the climate of India?
Answer:
Altitude means height above sea level.
Higher altitude = cooler climate.
Example: Shimla (in the Himalayas) is cooler than Delhi, though both lie in the same latitude.
The Himalayas remain snow-covered, while plains remain hot.
Thus, altitude is an important factor in India’s climate.
Q34. What are the impacts of retreating monsoon on eastern coastal states?
Answer:
Retreating monsoon occurs in October–November.
Winds from the Bay of Bengal bring heavy rainfall and cyclones to Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha.
This rainfall is crucial for growing paddy in Tamil Nadu.
Sometimes, cyclones cause floods and destruction in coastal areas.
Q35. Explain why agriculture in India is often described as a gamble in the monsoon.
Answer:
Agriculture in India largely depends on monsoon rainfall.
If monsoon is timely and sufficient, crops grow well.
If monsoon is delayed, weak, or uneven, crops fail.
Farmers cannot fully predict monsoon patterns, making agriculture risky.
Hence, agriculture is called a “gamble in the monsoon.”
MCQS WITH ANSWERS
The average weather condition of a place for a long period is called:
a) Season
b) Weather
c) Climate
d) Monsoon
Answer: c) Climate
Weather refers to conditions of a place over:
a) A long period
b) A short period
c) A century
d) A decade
Answer: b) A short period
India’s climate is described as:
a) Desert climate
b) Monsoon climate
c) Polar climate
d) Temperate climate
Answer: b) Monsoon climate
The Tropic of Cancer passes through:
a) Middle of India
b) Northernmost India
c) Southernmost India
d) Eastern India
Answer: a) Middle of India
The climate of coastal areas is:
a) Extreme
b) Moderate
c) Very cold
d) Desert-like
Answer: b) Moderate
Which winds bring rainfall in India?
a) Trade winds
b) Monsoon winds
c) Land breeze
d) Sea breeze
Answer: b) Monsoon winds
The monsoon arrives in India by:
a) April
b) May
c) June
d) July
Answer: c) June
Retreating monsoon occurs in:
a) March–April
b) June–July
c) October–November
d) December–January
Answer: c) October–November
Which state receives rainfall from retreating monsoon?
a) Rajasthan
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Punjab
d) Gujarat
Answer: b) Tamil Nadu
The wettest place on Earth is:
a) Cherrapunji
b) Mawsynram
c) Darjeeling
d) Shillong
Answer: b) Mawsynram
Which part of India receives very little rainfall?
a) Western Ghats
b) Thar Desert
c) Meghalaya
d) Assam
Answer: b) Thar Desert
The winds blowing from land to sea at night are called:
a) Land breeze
b) Sea breeze
c) Monsoon
d) Trade winds
Answer: a) Land breeze
The winds blowing from sea to land during day are called:
a) Land breeze
b) Sea breeze
c) Trade winds
d) Westerlies
Answer: b) Sea breeze
Rainfall caused by mountains is called:
a) Monsoon rainfall
b) Cyclonic rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Seasonal rainfall
Answer: c) Orographic rainfall
The season from March to May is called:
a) Hot weather season
b) Cold weather season
c) Rainy season
d) Retreating monsoon
Answer: a) Hot weather season
The cold weather season in India is during:
a) June–September
b) December–February
c) March–May
d) October–November
Answer: b) December–February
The hot weather season in India is during:
a) March–May
b) June–September
c) October–November
d) December–February
Answer: a) March–May
The monsoon season in India is during:
a) June–September
b) October–November
c) December–February
d) March–May
Answer: a) June–September
The highest temperature is recorded in:
a) June
b) May
c) July
d) August
Answer: b) May
The "loo" blows during:
a) Winter
b) Summer
c) Rainy season
d) Retreating monsoon
Answer: b) Summer
The south-west monsoon has how many branches?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: b) Two
The Arabian Sea branch gives rainfall to:
a) Eastern India
b) Western India
c) Central India
d) North India
Answer: b) Western India
The Bay of Bengal branch gives rainfall to:
a) North-east India
b) North-west India
c) South-west India
d) Rajasthan
Answer: a) North-east India
Which of these causes winter rainfall in north India?
a) Cyclones
b) Western disturbances
c) Monsoon winds
d) Sea breeze
Answer: b) Western disturbances
The place receiving the lowest rainfall in India is:
a) Leh
b) Mawsynram
c) Assam
d) Kerala
Answer: a) Leh
Rain-shadow area lies on the:
a) Windward side of mountains
b) Leeward side of mountains
c) Sea coast
d) Plains
Answer: b) Leeward side of mountains
Which crop mainly depends on monsoon rains?
a) Wheat
b) Rice
c) Tea
d) Coffee
Answer: b) Rice
The Himalayan region experiences:
a) Desert climate
b) Moderate climate
c) Very cold climate
d) Tropical climate
Answer: c) Very cold climate
Which of these is not a factor affecting climate?
a) Latitude
b) Longitude
c) Altitude
d) Distance from sea
Answer: b) Longitude
Which state is most affected by cyclones during retreating monsoon?
a) Rajasthan
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Punjab
d) Gujarat
Answer: b) Tamil Nadu
The climate of Rajasthan is:
a) Very cold
b) Moderate
c) Hot and dry
d) Humid
Answer: c) Hot and dry
The climate of Kerala is:
a) Desert-like
b) Polar
c) Tropical monsoon
d) Cold
Answer: c) Tropical monsoon
The main occupation influenced by monsoon is:
a) Industry
b) Trade
c) Agriculture
d) Fishing
Answer: c) Agriculture
Monsoon winds blow from:
a) Sea to land
b) Land to sea
c) East to west
d) West to east
Answer: a) Sea to land
The term ‘climate of India’ is often referred to as:
a) Desert
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon type
d) Cold temperate
Answer: c) Monsoon type
In which month does retreating monsoon end?
a) September
b) October
c) November
d) December
Answer: c) November
The annual rainfall in most of India is received during:
a) Winter
b) Summer
c) Monsoon
d) Spring
Answer: c) Monsoon
Which factor protects India from cold winds of Central Asia?
a) Western Ghats
b) Himalayas
c) Deccan Plateau
d) Coastal plains
Answer: b) Himalayas
Which part of India has desert climate?
a) North-east
b) North-west
c) South-west
d) Central India
Answer: b) North-west
Agriculture in India is often described as:
a) Gamble in the desert
b) Gamble in the monsoon
c) Gamble in irrigation
d) Gamble in trade
Answer: b) Gamble in the monsoon
