Extra 20 long-answer questions from Chapter:7 Outcomes of Democracy (Class 10 CBSE Political Science):
1. What are the key political outcomes of democracy?
Answer:
The key political outcomes of democracy include:
Accountability of Government:
Democratic governments are responsible to the people and can be removed through elections.
Transparency in Decision-Making:
Citizens have the right to information about government decisions.
Political Competition:
Multiple parties compete in elections, giving people choices.
Participation in Governance:
Democracy allows people to voice their opinions and influence policies.
Rule of Law:
No one is above the law, and all citizens are treated equally.
Decentralization of Power:
Power is shared between different levels of government (central, state, and local).
2. How does democracy ensure social justice and dignity?
Answer:
Democracy ensures social justice and dignity in the following ways:
Equal Rights:
All citizens are given equal legal rights regardless of caste, religion, or gender.
Protection of Minority Rights:
Special provisions protect the interests of minorities.
Empowerment of Women:
Democracy promotes gender equality through laws and policies.
Abolition of Discrimination:
Democratic governments make efforts to eliminate social discrimination.
Freedom of Speech and Expression:
People can express their opinions freely without fear.
Reservations and Welfare Schemes:
Democracies introduce policies like reservations to uplift disadvantaged communities.
3. How does democracy accommodate social diversity?
Answer:
Democracy accommodates social diversity in the following ways:
Equal Representation:
Different social groups get fair representation in politics.
Freedom of Expression:
People from all backgrounds can express their views.
Minority Rights Protection:
Laws protect minorities from discrimination.
Power Sharing:
Power is shared among different sections of society to prevent domination by any one group.
Peaceful Conflict Resolution:
Conflicts between social groups are resolved through dialogue and legal means.
Democratic Negotiations:
Democracy allows negotiations and compromises between diverse groups.
4. What are the economic outcomes of democracy?
Answer:
The economic outcomes of democracy include:
Economic Growth:
Democracy provides a stable environment for economic development.
Reduction of Poverty:
Democratic governments work towards poverty alleviation through welfare schemes.
Equal Distribution of Wealth:
Policies are made to reduce economic inequalities.
Job Opportunities:
Democracy encourages entrepreneurship and employment generation.
Public Welfare:
Governments spend on education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
Regulated Economy:
Economic policies are made keeping in mind the interests of the people.
5. What are the limitations of democracy?
Answer:
Some limitations of democracy include:
Slow Decision-Making:
Since decisions require consultation, they take more time.
Political Instability:
Frequent elections and coalition politics lead to unstable governments.
Corruption:
Some politicians misuse power for personal benefits.
Influence of Money and Muscle Power:
Rich candidates and powerful groups dominate elections.
Majority Rule:
Sometimes the majority suppresses the interests of minorities.
Lack of Awareness:
Illiteracy and lack of awareness affect the decision-making process of voters.
6. How does democracy ensure accountable, responsive, and legitimate government?
Answer:
Democracy ensures an accountable, responsive, and legitimate government through:
Regular Elections:
People can change the government if it does not work properly.
Public Participation:
Citizens can express their views through protests, debates, and petitions.
Media and Press Freedom:
Independent media acts as a watchdog of democracy.
Rule of Law:
Governments must function within constitutional limits.
Transparency:
People have access to information about government decisions.
Judicial Oversight:
Courts ensure that the government does not misuse power.
7. How does democracy reduce social inequalities?
Answer:
Democracy reduces social inequalities in the following ways:
Equal Political Rights:
Every citizen has the right to vote and contest elections.
Protection of Weaker Sections:
Special schemes support marginalized communities.
Equal Opportunities:
Democracy ensures equal opportunities in jobs and education.
Laws Against Discrimination:
Laws prevent discrimination based on caste, religion, or gender.
Welfare Schemes:
Government launches policies for education, healthcare, and employment.
Freedom of Speech:
All citizens can express their opinions freely.
8. What are the differences between democracy and dictatorship in terms of outcomes?
Answer:
|
Democracy |
Dictatorship |
|---|---|
|
Citizens elect their government |
One person or a small group holds power |
|
Ensures accountability |
No accountability to the people |
|
Promotes transparency |
Decisions made secretly |
|
Protects individual freedoms |
Citizens have limited rights |
|
Encourages political participation |
No political freedom |
|
Promotes economic and social equality |
Focuses on strengthening the ruling elite |
9. How does democracy provide political equality?
Answer:
Democracy ensures political equality through:
Universal Adult Franchise:
Every citizen above 18 has the right to vote.
Equal Legal Rights:
No discrimination in law based on caste, religion, or gender.
Right to Contest Elections:
Any eligible citizen can run for office.
Freedom of Speech and Expression:
All citizens can express their opinions.
Equal Representation:
Laws ensure proper representation of all communities.
Protection of Minority Rights:
Laws protect weaker and marginalized sections.
10. What is the impact of corruption on democracy?
Answer:
Corruption negatively affects democracy in the following ways:
Reduces Public Trust:
People lose faith in the government.
Unfair Elections:
Money power influences election results.
Poor Governance:
Corrupt leaders focus on personal gain instead of public welfare.
Economic Inequality:
Corruption benefits the rich and powerful.
Weakens Institutions:
Public institutions like police and judiciary become ineffective.
Obstructs Development:
Public funds meant for development projects are misused.
11. How does democracy ensure political participation?
Answer:
Democracy encourages political participation in the following ways:
Universal Adult Franchise:
Every citizen has the right to vote and elect their leaders.
Free and Fair Elections:
People can participate in elections without fear.
Multiple Political Parties:
People can choose from different political parties based on their ideologies.
Right to Protest:
Citizens can protest and express their demands through rallies, petitions, and social movements.
Decentralization of Power:
Local governments allow direct participation at grassroots levels.
Role of Media:
The media provides information and creates awareness about political issues, encouraging public participation.
12. How does democracy improve decision-making?
Answer:
Democracy improves decision-making in the following ways:
Consultation and Discussion:
Policies are debated before implementation.
Multiple Perspectives:
Different opinions are considered before making laws.
Checks and Balances:
Power is divided among various institutions to prevent misuse.
Legal Framework:
Decisions must follow constitutional rules.
Public Participation:
Citizens can influence decision-making through voting and protests.
Long-Term Stability:
Democratic decisions focus on long-term benefits rather than short-term gains.
13. What role does education play in strengthening democracy?
Answer:
Education plays a crucial role in democracy in the following ways:
Informed Citizens:
Educated people understand their rights and responsibilities.
Better Political Awareness:
Citizens can
analyze
policies and vote wisely.
Encourages Participation:
Educated individuals are more likely to engage in politics and governance.
Reduces Manipulation:
Education prevents political leaders from misleading the masses.
Promotes Rational Thinking:
Citizens can make logical decisions based on facts.
Encourages Tolerance:
Education helps people respect different opinions and social diversity.
14. How does democracy protect the interests of minorities?
Answer:
Democracy protects minorities through:
Fundamental Rights:
The constitution guarantees protection to minorities.
Representation in Government:
Reserved seats for minorities in legislatures.
Legal Protection:
Laws prevent discrimination and safeguard their rights.
Freedom of Religion and Culture:
Minorities can practice their culture and traditions freely.
Special Policies:
Government provides scholarships and other welfare schemes for minority communities.
Public Awareness:
Democracy encourages discussions on minority issues, ensuring fair treatment.
15. Why is democracy considered the best form of government?
Answer:
Democracy is the best form of government because:
People’s Participation:
Citizens have a direct role in governance.
Protects Fundamental Rights:
It ensures freedom of speech, religion, and equality.
Government Accountability:
Leaders must answer to the people through elections.
Prevents Abuse of Power:
Power is distributed to avoid dictatorship.
Encourages Economic Growth:
A stable democracy attracts investments and development.
Accommodates Social Diversity:
Democracy respects and includes different communities.
16. How does democracy ensure the right to freedom and expression?
Answer:
Democracy ensures freedom of expression through:
Fundamental Rights:
Citizens have the right to express their opinions freely.
Media Independence:
Free press reports on government actions and public issues.
Political Participation:
People can criticize policies and suggest improvements.
Freedom of Association:
Citizens can form organizations, unions, and parties.
Right to Protest:
People can peacefully demonstrate against unjust laws.
Legal Protection:
Courts safeguard individuals from any action that violates freedom of expression.
17. How does democracy contribute to economic development?
Answer:
Democracy contributes to economic development in the following ways:
Stable Governance:
A democratic government provides a stable environment for investment.
Employment Opportunities:
Policies focus on job creation for economic growth.
Encourages Private Sector Growth:
Businesses flourish in a free economy.
Reduces Income Inequality:
Policies ensure fair distribution of resources.
Investment in Infrastructure:
Roads, hospitals, and schools are developed for public welfare.
Welfare Schemes:
Government introduces poverty reduction programs.
18. What is the relationship between democracy and sustainable development?
Answer:
Democracy and sustainable development are connected in these ways:
Long-Term Planning:
Policies focus on the welfare of future generations.
Public Awareness:
People are educated about environmental conservation.
Regulated Industrial Growth:
Laws control pollution and deforestation.
Involvement of Citizens:
Public participation in environmental decision-making.
International Cooperation:
Democratic nations collaborate on climate change policies.
Government Accountability:
Leaders are responsible for implementing eco-friendly policies.
19. How do social movements strengthen democracy?
Answer:
Social movements play a crucial role in strengthening democracy:
Raise Awareness:
People become informed about important social issues.
Hold Government Accountable:
Leaders are pressured to address public demands.
Encourage Political Participation:
More people engage in civic activities.
Promote Reforms:
Governments introduce policies to address social concerns.
Protect Rights:
Movements fight against discrimination and injustice.
Strengthen Civil Society:
They encourage collective action for the betterment of society.
20. What are the major challenges to democracy?
Answer:
Some major challenges to democracy are:
Corruption and Criminalization:
Politicians misuse power for personal gain.
Political Instability:
Frequent changes in government lead to policy delays.
Influence of Money and Muscle Power:
Wealthy individuals control elections.
Low Political Awareness:
Many citizens do not understand their rights and duties.
Caste and Religious Politics:
Some parties use religion and caste to divide people.
Weak Implementation of Laws:
Policies are not always effectively enforced.
