Extra 15 long-answer questions (with 5 to 6 points each) from the "Lifelines of National Economy" chapter of Class 10 CBSE Geography:
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1. Explain the importance of transport in the economic development of a country.
Answer: Transport plays a crucial role in the economy by:
1. Facilitating trade and commerce – Connects markets, industries, and consumers.
2. Boosting industrial growth – Ensures raw materials and finished goods are transported efficiently.
3. Encouraging tourism – Enables people to travel for business and leisure.
4. Creating employment – Generates jobs in transport, logistics, and infrastructure development.
5. Enhancing connectivity – Links remote and rural areas to urban centers.
6. Strengthening national integration – Connects people from different regions and cultures.
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2. What are the advantages of roadways over railways?
Answer: Roadways have several advantages over railways:
1. Flexibility – Roads provide door-to-door service, whereas railways require additional transport.
2. Cheaper for short distances – Ideal for local and regional transport.
3. Better access to remote areas – Roads reach villages and hilly regions where railways cannot.
4. Lower construction costs – Building roads is cheaper than railway infrastructure.
5. Faster loading and unloading – Reduces delays compared to railway freight transport.
6. More convenient for passengers – Provides direct travel without the need for multiple transfers.
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3. What are National Highways? Explain their significance.
Answer: National Highways are major roads connecting important cities, maintained by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). Their significance includes:
1. Efficient movement of goods – Reduces transport time for industries.
2. Boosting tourism and trade – Improves accessibility to important tourist and commercial hubs.
3. Connecting major cities and states – Enhances regional development.
4. Supporting defense and security – Helps military movement in border areas.
5. Part of the Golden Quadrilateral and NHDP – Strengthens India's transport network.
6. Improving rural connectivity – Links villages with urban centers for economic development.
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4. Describe the major railway zones in India and their significance.
Answer: Indian Railways is divided into 18 railway zones for efficient management. Some important ones include:
1. Northern Railway – Covers Delhi, Punjab, and parts of Uttar Pradesh.
2. Western Railway – Includes Mumbai, Gujarat, and Rajasthan.
3. Eastern Railway – Manages Kolkata, Bihar, and Jharkhand regions.
4. Southern Railway – Covers Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka.
5. Central Railway – Important for Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh transport.
6. North-Eastern Railway – Connects Assam and Northeast states, enhancing regional connectivity.
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5. Explain the role of railways in the economic development of India.
Answer: Railways contribute significantly to India's economy by:
1. Carrying heavy and bulky goods – Ideal for transporting coal, iron ore, and petroleum.
2. Connecting industrial and agricultural regions – Supports trade and production.
3. Reducing transport costs – More economical than road transport for long distances.
4. Providing employment – One of the largest employers in India.
5. Supporting tourism and business travel – Enables mobility across the country.
6. Aiding national integration – Connects people from different parts of India.
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6. What are the major problems faced by Indian Railways?
Answer: The Indian railway system faces several challenges:
1. Overcrowding – High demand leads to congestion and long waiting times.
2. Old infrastructure – Many railway tracks and bridges need modernization.
3. Frequent delays – Due to maintenance issues and traffic congestion.
4. Accidents and safety concerns – Unmanned railway crossings cause fatalities.
5. Theft and damage to railway property – Vandalism and theft disrupt services.
6. Need for electrification – Diesel engines increase fuel costs and pollution.
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7. Describe the importance of waterways as a mode of transport.
Answer: Waterways are an economical and eco-friendly mode of transport due to:
1. Low transportation costs – Cheaper than road and rail transport.
2. Suitable for bulky goods – Ideal for coal, iron ore, and petroleum transport.
3. Less environmental pollution – Reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
4. Reduces traffic congestion – Eases the burden on road and rail networks.
5. Important for tourism – Promotes river cruises and coastal tourism.
6. Supports international trade – Major ports handle imports and exports.
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8. What are the advantages of air transport?
Answer: Air transport has several benefits:
1. Fastest mode of transport – Ideal for urgent deliveries.
2. Suitable for remote areas – Connects hilly regions like Northeast India.
3. Boosts tourism and business – Facilitates international travel.
4. Low infrastructure maintenance – Airports require less frequent repairs.
5. Essential for defense and disaster relief – Used for military operations and emergency aid.
6. Increases global connectivity – Strengthens international relations and trade.
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9. What are the main types of communication in India?
Answer: Communication is essential for information exchange and includes:
1. Personal communication – Postal services, mobile phones.
2. Mass communication – TV, radio, newspapers, and the internet.
3. Electronic communication – Emails, social media, and video conferencing.
4. Government communication – Used for governance and public awareness.
5. Educational communication – Online learning and digital education platforms.
6. Commercial communication – Advertising and business promotions.
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10. What is international trade? Explain its importance for India.
Answer: International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between countries. Its importance includes:
1. Brings foreign exchange – Exports earn revenue for the country.
2. Boosts industrial growth – Expands markets for Indian products.
3. Strengthens international relations – Builds economic partnerships.
4. Diversifies economic activities – Reduces dependence on domestic markets.
5. Creates employment – Increases job opportunities in export-oriented industries.
6. Helps in economic growth – Enhances GDP through global trade.
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11. What is tourism? How does it contribute to the economy?
Answer: Tourism is the movement of people for leisure, business, or education. It contributes to the economy by:
1. Generating employment – Creates jobs in hotels, transport, and entertainment.
2. Bringing foreign exchange – Attracts international visitors.
3. Boosting local businesses – Supports handicrafts and regional products.
4. Encouraging infrastructure development – Leads to better roads and airports.
5. Promoting cultural exchange – Enhances global understanding.
6. Strengthening regional economies – Benefits states with tourist attractions.
12. What are pipelines? Mention their advantages and disadvantages.
Answer:
Pipelines are a mode of transportation used to transport liquids, gases, and solids in slurry form over long distances.
Advantages of Pipelines:
1. Cost-effective – Once installed, pipelines require low maintenance costs.
2. Safe and reliable – Less risk of theft and accidents compared to road or rail transport.
3. Eco-friendly – Reduces air pollution and fuel consumption.
4. Efficient for long distances – Ideal for transporting petroleum, natural gas, and water.
5. Reduces congestion – Decreases load on roads and railways.
6. Ensures continuous supply – Provides uninterrupted flow of resources.
Disadvantages of Pipelines:
1. High initial cost – Installation requires heavy investment.
2. Limited flexibility – Can only transport specific materials.
3. Leakage risks – Accidental leaks can cause environmental hazards.
4. Difficult to repair – Maintenance and repairs are costly and complex.
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13. Explain the importance of ports in India's trade and economy.
Answer:
Ports are essential for international trade, handling exports and imports through sea routes.
Importance of Ports:
1. Handles 90% of India's trade – Most international trade occurs via ports.
2. Supports industrial growth – Raw materials and finished goods are imported/exported.
3. Boosts employment – Provides jobs in shipping, logistics, and fishing industries.
4. Strengthens international relations – Facilitates global business partnerships.
5. Enhances economic growth – Contributes to national GDP.
6. Encourages coastal tourism – Cruise services and beach tourism attract visitors.
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14. Describe the major problems faced by road transport in India.
Answer:
India's road transport network is vast but faces several challenges.
Problems of Road Transport:
1. Poor road conditions – Many roads have potholes and require frequent repairs.
2. Traffic congestion – Overcrowding leads to delays, especially in cities.
3. Overloading of vehicles – Leads to accidents and road damage.
4. Pollution – Heavy vehicle emissions cause environmental issues.
5. Lack of proper maintenance – Many roads are poorly maintained, especially in rural areas.
6. Accidents and safety issues – High accident rates due to reckless driving and poor infrastructure.
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15. What are Special Economic Zones (SEZs)? How do they help in trade and economy?
Answer:
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are designated areas with business-friendly policies to promote industrial growth and trade.
Benefits of SEZs:
1. Tax exemptions – Businesses get relief on taxes and duties.
2. Attracts foreign investment – Encourages multinational companies to set up industries.
3. Boosts exports – Promotes manufacturing of goods for international trade.
4. Generates employment – Creates jobs in manufacturing and IT sectors.
5. Improves infrastructure – Leads to better roads, ports, and communication facilities.
6. Strengthens industrial growth – Helps India compete in global markets.
