Extra 30 short-answer questions from the Manufacturing Industries chapter of Class 10 CBSE Geography:
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1. Importance of Manufacturing Industries
1. What is manufacturing? Why is it important?
Answer: Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into finished goods. It is important because it adds value to raw materials, generates employment, and contributes to the economic development of a country.
2. How do manufacturing industries help in economic development?
Answer: They generate employment, increase national income, reduce dependence on imports, promote industrial growth, and support agricultural and service sectors.
3. How does industrialization help in reducing unemployment and poverty?
Answer: Industrialization creates job opportunities in factories, promotes business growth, and improves living standards by increasing wages and economic activity.
4. Why is the manufacturing sector considered the backbone of economic development?
Answer: It provides employment, increases GDP, promotes trade, supports infrastructure development, and strengthens national security through industrial self-sufficiency.
5. How are agriculture and industries interdependent?
Answer: Agriculture provides raw materials to industries (e.g., cotton for textiles), while industries supply tools, fertilizers, and machinery to agriculture, improving productivity.
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2. Classification of Industries
6. What are agro-based industries? Give two examples.
Answer: Industries that use agricultural products as raw materials, such as the cotton textile and sugar industry.
7. What are mineral-based industries? Give two examples.
Answer: Industries that use minerals as raw materials, such as iron and steel and cement industry.
8. Differentiate between small-scale and large-scale industries.
Answer:
Small-scale: Investment is less than ₹5 crores, uses limited manpower (e.g., handicrafts).
Large-scale: Investment is more than ₹10 crores, uses advanced technology (e.g., automobile industry).
9. What are public sector industries? Give two examples.
Answer: Industries owned and operated by the government, such as SAIL (Steel Authority of India) and BHEL (Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited).
10. What are private sector industries? Give two examples.
Answer: Industries owned by individuals or private companies, such as Tata Steel and Reliance Industries.
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3. Iron and Steel Industry
11. Why is the iron and steel industry called the backbone of modern industry?
Answer: It provides raw materials for industries like construction, automobile, shipbuilding, and machinery manufacturing, essential for economic development.
12. Mention two challenges faced by the iron and steel industry in India.
Answer:
High costs of production due to outdated technology.
Shortage of high-grade iron ore and coking coal.
13. Name any two iron and steel plants in India and mention their locations.
Answer:
Tata Steel Plant – Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.
Bhilai Steel Plant – Chhattisgarh.
14. What raw materials are required for the iron and steel industry?
Answer: Iron ore, coal, limestone, manganese, and water are required for steel production.
15. How does the location of iron and steel industries depend on raw materials and transportation?
Answer: Industries are located near iron ore and coal mines to reduce transportation costs and ensure easy availability of raw materials.
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4. Textile Industry
16. Why is the textile industry important for India’s economy?
Answer: It provides employment to millions, contributes significantly to exports, and supports agriculture by using raw materials like cotton and jute.
17. What are the main problems faced by the cotton textile industry in India?
Answer:
Shortage of high-quality cotton.
Outdated technology in many mills.
Competition from synthetic fibers.
18. Which two factors favor the cotton textile industry in Maharashtra and Gujarat?
Answer:
Availability of raw cotton.
Well-developed transportation and port facilities.
19. What are the advantages of the jute textile industry in India?
Answer: India has abundant jute production, cheap labor, and strong domestic and export markets for jute products.
20. Why is the jute industry concentrated in West Bengal?
Answer: Availability of raw jute, cheap labor, water transport, and proximity to Kolkata port for exports.
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5. Other Industries
21. Why is the IT industry called the “Sunrise Industry”?
Answer: It is rapidly growing, offers high employment opportunities, and has a global market demand.
22. Which city is known as the “Silicon Valley of India” and why?
Answer: Bengaluru, due to its concentration of IT companies, skilled workforce, and favorable government policies.
23. Why is the automobile industry growing rapidly in India?
Answer: Due to increasing demand, availability of skilled labor, government support, and foreign investments.
24. Mention two advantages of the chemical industry in India.
Answer:
It provides raw materials for pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, and plastics.
It contributes significantly to exports and GDP.
25. What are the major products of the chemical industry?
Answer: Petrochemicals, fertilizers, synthetic fibers, plastics, and pharmaceuticals.
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6. Environmental Issues & Sustainable Development
26. What are the major environmental problems caused by industries?
Answer: Air pollution, water pollution, land degradation, and excessive waste generation.
27. What steps can industries take to reduce pollution?
Answer:
Use pollution control devices.
Recycle industrial waste.
Adopt cleaner production techniques.
28. Why is water pollution a major concern in industrial areas?
Answer: Industries discharge toxic chemicals into water bodies, harming aquatic life and making water unfit for human use.
29. What is meant by sustainable industrial development?
Answer: Development that meets current industrial needs without depleting natural resources for future generations.
30. What role can individuals play in reducing industrial pollution?
Answer: Use eco-friendly products, support sustainable industries, and promote waste recycling and conservation efforts.
