Extra long-answer questions Manufacturing Industries chapter of Class 10 CBSE Geography
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1. Explain the importance of manufacturing industries in India’s economic development.
Answer:
1. Contribution to GDP: Manufacturing contributes about 16% to GDP and promotes overall economic growth.
2. Employment Generation: Provides direct and indirect jobs to millions, reducing unemployment.
3. Agriculture Support: Provides markets for agricultural produce (e.g., cotton for textiles).
4. Infrastructure Development: Leads to the growth of roads, railways, and communication networks.
5. Export Growth: Increases foreign exchange through exports of manufactured goods.
6. Reduces Dependence on Imports: Encourages self-sufficiency in production and reduces trade deficits.
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2. Differentiate between agro-based and mineral-based industries with examples.
Answer:
Agro-Based Industries
1. Raw Materials:
Agro-based industries rely on agricultural products as raw materials.
Examples include cotton, jute, sugarcane, and food grains.
2. Location:
These industries are usually located near agricultural areas to ensure easy access to raw materials.
Example: Cotton textile mills are located in regions with abundant cotton production (e.g., Gujarat, Maharashtra).
3. Examples:
Cotton Textile Industry, Sugar Industry, Tea Industry, Jute Industry, Food Processing Industry.
4. Labor Requirements:
These industries primarily employ a large number of workers from rural and agricultural backgrounds.
Example: The sugar industry in Uttar Pradesh employs many farm workers during the sugarcane harvesting season.
5. Dependence on Seasons:
Agro-based industries are often seasonal because they rely on crop production, which is influenced by seasonal variations.
6. Product Output:
The products of agro-based industries are generally consumer goods like clothing, food, and beverages.
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Mineral-Based Industries
1. Raw Materials:
Mineral-based industries depend on minerals and ores as raw materials.
Examples include iron ore, coal, bauxite, limestone, and mica.
2. Location:
These industries are typically located near mineral-rich regions to reduce transportation costs of raw materials.
Example: Iron and steel plants are located in Jharkhand (e.g., Jamshedpur) and Chhattisgarh due to abundant iron ore deposits.
3. Examples:
Iron and Steel Industry, Cement Industry, Aluminum Industry, Chemical Industry, and Petroleum Refineries.
4. Labor Requirements:
Mineral-based industries generally require skilled and semi-skilled labor for the operation of machinery and advanced technologies.
5. Dependence on Seasons:
These industries have less seasonal dependency as raw materials like minerals are available throughout the year.
6. Product Output:
The products of mineral-based industries are typically industrial goods, such as steel, cement, machinery, and chemicals, which are used in construction, manufacturing, and infrastructure development.
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Conclusion:
Agro-based industries are largely dependent on agricultural raw materials and are typically located near farming areas, while mineral-based industries rely on raw materials sourced from minerals and are often found near mining regions.
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3. Explain the factors influencing the location of industries.
Answer:
1. Raw Materials: Industries are set up near raw material sources to reduce transportation costs (e.g., Iron and Steel in Jharkhand).
2. Power Supply: Industries need an uninterrupted power supply (e.g., Aluminum industry near hydroelectric power plants).
3. Labor Supply: Availability of skilled and unskilled labor influences industry location (e.g., IT industry in Bengaluru).
4. Transport and Connectivity: Good road, rail, and port connectivity help industries transport goods efficiently.
5. Market Demand: Proximity to large markets reduces transportation costs and increases sales (e.g., automobile industry near urban centers).
6. Government Policies: Government incentives and policies encourage industrial growth in specific areas (e.g., Special Economic Zones - SEZs).
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4. Describe the problems faced by the iron and steel industry in India.
Answer:
1. High Production Costs: The industry faces high costs due to outdated technology and inefficient methods.
2. Shortage of Raw Materials: Good quality iron ore and coking coal are not always available in sufficient quantity.
3. Poor Infrastructure: Inadequate transportation and power supply affect production efficiency.
4. Competition from Other Countries: India faces competition from China, Japan, and South Korea in steel exports.
5. Environmental Issues: Pollution from steel plants affects the environment, requiring costly pollution control measures.
6. Fluctuating Demand: Demand for steel fluctuates due to economic slowdowns and changes in construction activity.
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5. Why is the textile industry important for India’s economy?
Answer:
1. Largest Employment Provider: Provides jobs to millions, both in rural and urban areas.
2. Raw Material Availability: India is a leading producer of cotton, jute, silk, and wool.
3. Foreign Exchange Earnings: Textile exports contribute significantly to India’s economy.
4. Supports Small-Scale Industries: Many small industries supply materials and equipment to textile mills.
5. Traditional and Modern Industry Mix: The industry includes both handloom and mechanized sectors.
6. Large Domestic Market: A growing population ensures high demand for textiles within the country.
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6. What are the major problems faced by the cotton textile industry in India?
Answer:
1. Shortage of Raw Cotton: Low production and fluctuating prices affect industry growth.
2. Outdated Technology: Many textile mills use old machinery, reducing efficiency.
3. Power Shortages: Frequent electricity cuts increase production costs.
4. Competition from Synthetic Fibers: Cheaper synthetic fibers reduce the demand for cotton textiles.
5. Competition from Other Countries: Countries like Bangladesh and China produce textiles at lower costs.
6. Environmental Concerns: Textile dyeing and processing lead to water and air pollution.
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7. Explain the role of information technology (IT) in India’s economic development.
Answer:
1. Employment Generation: IT provides jobs to millions in software development, BPO, and data analytics.
2. Foreign Exchange Earnings: Software exports bring in substantial foreign currency.
3. Boosts Other Sectors: IT supports banking, healthcare, education, and retail sectors.
4. Innovation and Research: Encourages startups and technological advancements.
5. Global Recognition: India is a major player in the global IT industry, with companies like TCS, Infosys, and Wipro.
6. Digital Transformation: Promotes e-governance, digital payments, and online services.
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8. How do industries cause environmental pollution?
Answer:
1. Air Pollution: Industries release harmful gases like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
2. Water Pollution: Industrial waste is dumped into rivers and lakes, affecting aquatic life.
3. Land Degradation: Mining and industrial waste lead to soil erosion and land pollution.
4. Noise Pollution: Factories and machinery produce high noise levels, affecting human health.
5. Deforestation: Industrial expansion leads to cutting down forests.
6. Hazardous Waste: Chemical industries release toxic waste, affecting human and animal health.
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9. What measures can industries take to reduce pollution?
Answer:
1. Use Pollution Control Devices: Install scrubbers and filters in factories.
2. Recycle Industrial Waste: Reduce, reuse, and recycle waste materials.
3. Switch to Clean Energy: Use renewable sources like solar and wind energy.
4. Treat Wastewater: Install effluent treatment plants before releasing water.
5. Use Eco-Friendly Packaging: Reduce plastic use and promote biodegradable packaging.
6. Adopt Sustainable Practices: Follow environmental laws and promote green manufacturing.
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10. How does the automobile industry contribute to India’s economy?
Answer:
1. Employment Generation: Provides direct and indirect jobs in manufacturing and services.
2. GDP Contribution: Significantly contributes to the industrial sector’s GDP.
3. Foreign Investment: Attracts investment from global automobile giants.
4. Exports and Trade: India exports cars, bikes, and auto parts to many countries.
5. Boosts Ancillary Industries: Supports tire, battery, and component manufacturing industries.
6. Infrastructure Growth: Leads to better roads, highways, and urban planning.
11. What are the challenges faced by small-scale industries (SSIs) in India?
Answer:
1. Limited Capital: SSIs struggle to get loans and investment due to financial constraints.
2. Lack of Advanced Technology: Many SSIs use outdated machinery, reducing efficiency.
3. Raw Material Shortage: High costs and irregular supply of raw materials affect production.
4. Competition from Large Industries: SSIs face stiff competition from big industries and foreign companies.
5. Marketing Difficulties: Small producers find it hard to market their products due to lack of advertisement.
6. Government Regulations: Complicated licensing and taxation policies make it difficult for SSIs to operate smoothly.
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12. Why is the automobile industry concentrated in cities like Pune, Chennai, and Gurugram?
Answer:
1. Availability of Skilled Labor: These cities have trained engineers and technicians.
2. Proximity to Markets: Large urban populations create demand for automobiles.
3. Good Transport Connectivity: Well-developed roads, railways, and ports help in easy transportation of vehicles.
4. Presence of Ancillary Industries: Supporting industries like tire, battery, and engine manufacturing are located nearby.
5. Foreign Investment: Many global automobile companies have set up factories in these cities.
6. Government Policies: Favorable tax benefits and incentives attract automobile manufacturers.
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13. What are the advantages and disadvantages of industrialization?
Answer:
Advantages:
1. Economic Growth: Increases GDP and overall prosperity of a nation.
2. Employment Opportunities: Provides jobs in both manufacturing and service sectors.
3. Improves Standard of Living: Higher incomes lead to better living conditions.
4. Development of Infrastructure: Leads to better roads, electricity, and communication networks.
5. Encourages Innovation: Industrialization promotes research and technological advancements.
6. Reduces Dependence on Agriculture: Provides alternative employment, reducing pressure on agriculture.
Disadvantages:
1. Environmental Pollution: Industries cause air, water, and land pollution.
2. Exploitation of Natural Resources: Overuse of raw materials leads to depletion.
3. Urbanization Issues: Leads to overcrowding, slums, and inadequate housing in cities.
4. Social Inequality: Benefits are often concentrated in urban areas, leaving rural areas behind.
5. Health Hazards: Industrial pollution causes respiratory diseases and other health problems.
6. Loss of Traditional Skills: Small-scale and handicraft industries decline due to mass production.
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14. How does the cement industry contribute to India's development?
Answer:
1. Infrastructure Development: Provides essential materials for building roads, bridges, and housing.
2. Employment Generation: Creates jobs in production, transportation, and construction sectors.
3. Utilizes Local Resources: Uses limestone and gypsum, which are available in India.
4. Exports and Foreign Exchange: India exports cement to many countries, earning foreign exchange.
5. Supports Other Industries: Used in steel, automobile, and construction industries.
6. Eco-Friendly Innovations: Modern plants are adopting pollution control measures and using alternative fuels.
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15. What are Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and how do they help industrial growth?
Answer:
1. Definition: SEZs are designated areas with tax benefits and relaxed regulations to promote industries and exports.
2. Attract Foreign Investment: Offer incentives to foreign companies, boosting industrial growth.
3. Increase Employment: Provide jobs in manufacturing, IT, and service industries.
4. Promote Exports: Companies in SEZs focus on export-oriented production, increasing foreign earnings.
5. Develop Infrastructure: SEZs have better roads, power supply, and communication networks.
6. Boost Regional Development: Helps in industrialization of less-developed areas.
