Extra 30 short-answer questions from Chapter:5 Popular Struggles and Movements (Class 10 CBSE Political Science):
1. What was the main objective of the Nepalese movement for democracy in 2006?
Answer: The Nepalese movement aimed to end the monarchy and establish a democratic government with a multi-party system.
2. What is a movement? How is it different from a political party?
Answer: A movement is a collective effort by people to bring about social or political change. Unlike political parties, movements do not contest elections but influence decision-making.
3. What was the cause of the Bolivia Water War?
Answer: The Bolivia Water War occurred in 2000 when the government privatized water supply, leading to high prices. People protested, forcing the government to cancel the contract.
4. What do you understand by pressure groups?
Answer: Pressure groups are organized groups that influence government policies without directly contesting elections. Examples include trade unions and environmental groups.
5. How do pressure groups and movements strengthen democracy?
Answer: They ensure that different interests are represented, raise awareness on issues, and hold the government accountable through protests and campaigns.
6. Name two types of pressure groups with examples.
Answer:
Sectional interest groups
– Represent specific sections of society (e.g., Trade Unions).
Public interest groups
– Work for the common good (e.g., Narmada
Bachao
Andolan
).
7. What role did political parties play in the Nepalese movement of 2006?
Answer: Political parties like the Nepali Congress and Communist Party joined the protests, demanding the end of monarchy and establishment of democracy.
8. What is the role of FEDECOR in the Bolivia Water War?
Answer: FEDECOR, a coalition of labour, human rights, and community leaders, led the protests against water privatization in Bolivia, ensuring public access to water.
9. How are interest groups different from movements?
Answer: Interest groups focus on specific policy changes, whereas movements aim for broader social or political transformation.
10. What was the impact of the Nepalese movement of 2006?
Answer: The movement ended monarchy rule, established democracy, and led to the drafting of a new constitution in Nepal.
11. Why are social movements important in a democracy?
Answer: Social movements help raise awareness, bring social issues to the government's attention, and ensure public participation in decision-making.
12. Give an example of a sectional interest group.
Answer: The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) is a sectional interest group representing workers’ rights.
13. What was the significance of the Bolivia Water War?
Answer: It showed how public pressure could force governments to reverse decisions and highlighted the importance of people’s rights over essential resources.
14. What is meant by political struggle?
Answer: Political struggle refers to the efforts by people or groups to bring about political change, often through protests, strikes, or negotiations.
15. Give an example of a public interest group in India.
Answer: Greenpeace India works for environmental protection and sustainable development.
16. Why do movements take place in a democracy?
Answer: Movements occur to address grievances, demand rights, or influence government policies when people feel their issues are not addressed.
17. What was the role of trade unions in Bolivia’s protest?
Answer: Trade unions joined the protests against water privatization, demanding fair access to water for all citizens.
18. How do movements influence politics?
Answer: Movements put pressure on governments, raise public awareness, and sometimes lead to legal or policy changes.
19. What was the result of the Bolivia Water War?
Answer: The government was forced to cancel the water privatization contract, ensuring that water remained a public resource.
20. What do you understand by an issue-specific movement?
Answer: An issue-specific movement focuses on a particular problem, such as the Narmada Bachao Andolan, which fights for the rights of displaced people.
21. How do pressure groups differ from political parties?
Answer: Pressure groups do not contest elections but influence policies, whereas political parties aim to form the government.
22. What is the significance of public protests in a democracy?
Answer: Public protests help express people’s grievances, influence policy decisions, and keep the government accountable.
23. What is the Chipko Movement?
Answer: The Chipko Movement was an environmental protest in India where villagers hugged trees to prevent deforestation.
24. Give an example of a long-term movement.
Answer: The Dalit Movement in India is a long-term movement that fights against caste-based discrimination and social inequality.
25. Why do people form pressure groups?
Answer: People form pressure groups to collectively demand rights, influence government decisions, and fight for social justice.
26. What was the impact of the 2006 movement in Nepal?
Answer: The movement led to the abolition of monarchy and the establishment of a democratic republic.
27. What was the cause of the protest in Bolivia?
Answer: The people protested against the government’s decision to privatize water supply, which made it unaffordable for many.
28. Why are sectional interest groups important?
Answer: They protect the interests of specific sections of society, such as workers, farmers, or business groups.
29. How can movements help in policy changes?
Answer: Movements create public pressure, force governments to address issues, and can lead to policy reforms.
30. What is the role of mass media in popular struggles?
Answer: Mass media spreads awareness, highlights issues, and mobilizes public support for movements.
