Extra 40 MCQs with answers from the chapter "The Age of Industrialisation" for Class 10 CBSE History:
1-10: Pre-Industrialization and Early Industrial Growth
Before the Industrial Revolution, most goods were produced by:
a) Machines
b) Handicrafts and cottage industries
c) Large factories
d) Robots
➤
Answer: (b) Handicrafts and cottage industries
Which industry was the first to be industrialized in Britain?
a) Steel
b) Textiles
c) Automobiles
d) Electronics
➤
Answer: (b) Textiles
What was the major source of energy during early industrialization?
a) Electricity
b) Water and steam power
c) Nuclear power
d) Solar energy
➤
Answer: (b) Water and steam power
The
Spinning Jenny
, an important invention for textile production, was invented by:
a) Richard Arkwright
b) James Hargreaves
c) James Watt
d) John Kay
➤
Answer: (b) James Hargreaves
Which invention helped speed up
weaving
in the textile industry?
a) Steam Engine
b) Flying Shuttle
c) Power Loom
d) Spinning Jenny
➤
Answer: (b) Flying Shuttle
Who is credited with
inventing the steam engine
that improved industrial production?
a) James Watt
b) Thomas Edison
c) Alexander Graham Bell
d) Richard Arkwright
➤
Answer: (a) James Watt
Which system was replaced by the factory system during industrialization?
a) Feudal system
b) Guild system
c) Cottage industry
d) Plantation system
➤
Answer: (c) Cottage industry
What was a major impact of early industrialization?
a) Decline in urban population
b) Increase in hand-made goods
c) Mass production and rise of factories
d) Decrease in trade
➤
Answer: (c) Mass production and rise of factories
Which of the following was a reason for the Industrial Revolution starting in England?
a) Shortage of raw materials
b) Availability of coal and iron
c) Lack of skilled
labour
d) Limited transportation network
➤
Answer: (b) Availability of coal and iron
The
first railway line in Britain
was established in:
a) 1750
b) 1800
c) 1825
d) 1850
➤
Answer: (c) 1825
11-20: Industrialization in Europe and Its Impact on India
Who set up the first textile mill in Bombay in 1854?
a) J.N. Tata
b)
Dwarkanath
Tagore
c) C.N. Banerjee
d)
Cowasji
Nanabhoy
Davar
➤
Answer: (d)
Cowasji
Nanabhoy
Davar
The first
jute mill
in India was established in:
a) Bombay
b) Calcutta
c) Madras
d) Kanpur
➤
Answer: (b) Calcutta
What was the impact of industrialization on Indian handloom weavers?
a) Growth of weaving industries
b) Competition with machine-made goods led to decline
c) British government supported Indian industries
d) Increase in demand for handloom textiles
➤
Answer: (b) Competition with machine-made goods led to decline
Which country became the world’s leading industrial nation by the late 19th century?
a) India
b) USA
c) Britain
d) Germany
➤
Answer: (c) Britain
The
Industrial Revolution
led to the development of which new transport systems?
a) Bullock carts and horse wagons
b) Railways and steamships
c) Bicycle and rickshaws
d) None of the above
➤
Answer: (b) Railways and steamships
Why did Indian textiles face a decline in the 19th century?
a) Shortage of raw materials
b) High taxes on British goods
c) Import of cheap machine-made textiles from Britain
d) Lack of skilled
labor
➤
Answer: (c) Import of cheap machine-made textiles from Britain
What was the main raw material for the
British textile industry
?
a) Wool
b) Silk
c) Cotton
d) Jute
➤
Answer: (c) Cotton
Who was responsible for industrial policies that harmed India’s economy?
a) Indian entrepreneurs
b) British colonial rulers
c) Indian National Congress
d) Mughal emperors
➤
Answer: (b) British colonial rulers
What was the impact of British railways on Indian industries?
a) Encouraged Indian industrial growth
b) Allowed fast export of British goods and raw materials from India
c) Increased self-sufficiency in India
d) Helped Indian businessmen grow
➤
Answer: (b) Allowed fast export of British goods and raw materials from India
Which class benefited the most from industrialization?
a) Factory workers
b) Landlords
c) Industrial capitalists
d) Peasants
➤
Answer: (c) Industrial capitalists
21-30: Factory System and Industrial Labor
Which social class suffered the most during early industrialization?
a) Factory owners
b) Middle class
c) Workers and laborers
d) Merchants
➤
Answer: (c) Workers and laborers
Working conditions in early factories were:
a) Safe and well-regulated
b) Dangerous, with long hours and low wages
c) Highly paid with job security
d) Focused on workers’ rights
➤
Answer: (b) Dangerous, with long hours and low wages
Which industry was known for employing a large number of women and children?
a) Mining
b) Shipbuilding
c) Textile industry
d) Iron industry
➤
Answer: (c) Textile industry
What was the main reason for the growth of factories?
a) Availability of skilled
labour
b) Mechanization and use of steam power
c) Government policies
d) Lack of demand for goods
➤
Answer: (b) Mechanization and use of steam power
The
Luddite movement
was:
a) A workers' movement against factory machinery
b) A political revolution
c) A technological innovation
d) A government policy
➤
Answer: (a) A workers' movement against factory machinery
What was the impact of industrialization on cities?
a) Decrease in population
b) Growth of urban
centres
and slums
c) More agricultural employment
d) Decline in trade
➤
Answer: (b) Growth of urban
centres
and slums
Why were women and children employed in factories during the early Industrial Revolution?
a) They had better technical skills
b) They could be paid lower wages
c) They were physically stronger
d) They preferred factory work over agriculture
➤
Answer: (b) They could be paid lower wages
The demand for which product increased during the Industrial Revolution, leading to plantation economies?
a) Rice
b) Cotton
c) Tea
d) Coal
➤
Answer: (b) Cotton
What was one of the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?
a) Improvement in workers' wages
b) Increase in child
labour
and poor working conditions
c) Decrease in pollution
d) Growth of small-scale industries
➤
Answer: (b) Increase in child
labour
and poor working conditions
Which factor contributed to the rapid industrial growth in Britain?
a) Lack of coal and iron
b) Strong banking system and availability of capital
c) Absence of markets
d) Small population
➤
Answer: (b) Strong banking system and availability of capital
31-35: Indian Industrialists and Colonial Impact
Which Indian industrialist set up the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) in 1907?
a) J.R.D. Tata
b)
Jamsetji
Tata
c) G.D. Birla
d)
Cowasji
Davar
➤
Answer: (b)
Jamsetji
Tata
Which colonial policy affected Indian industries the most?
a) Promotion of Indian handicrafts
b) Heavy taxation and import of British machine-made goods
c) Encouragement of local traders
d) Protection of Indian artisans
➤
Answer: (b) Heavy taxation and import of British machine-made goods
How did Swadeshi Movement encourage industrialization in India?
a) Encouraged boycott of British goods and use of Indian-made products
b) Promoted European companies in India
c) Increased British textile imports
d) Encouraged Indians to migrate to Britain
➤
Answer: (a) Encouraged boycott of British goods and use of Indian-made products
What was the
main source of raw cotton
for British textile mills?
a) United States
b) India
c) China
d) Russia
➤
Answer: (b) India
Which British policy restricted Indian weavers from competing with British industries?
a) Free market economy
b) Export duties on British goods
c) Imposition of high taxes on Indian textiles
d) Encouragement of Indian textile production
➤
Answer: (c) Imposition of high taxes on Indian textiles
36-40: Labour Movements and Later Industrial Changes
What was the Factory Act of 1819?
a) Banned factories from hiring workers
b) Regulated child
labour
and limited working hours
c) Gave factory owners more power
d) Provided free education to workers
➤
Answer: (b) Regulated child
labour
and limited working hours
Why did factory owners prefer machines over hand
labour
?
a) Machines were cheaper and produced goods faster
b) Hand
labour
was more productive
c) Machines needed no maintenance
d) Hand
labour
was completely banned
➤
Answer: (a) Machines were cheaper and produced goods faster
Why did many industrialists in India initially hesitate to use machines?
a) Machines were too advanced
b) Cheap
labour
was available, making machines unnecessary
c) The British discouraged machine use
d) Indian workers did not want to operate machines
➤
Answer: (b) Cheap
labour
was available, making machines unnecessary
Which of the following was a major demand of factory workers?
a) Longer working hours
b) Higher wages and better working conditions
c) More taxes on factory owners
d) More child
labour
➤
Answer: (b) Higher wages and better working conditions
Which city in India became an important industrial
center
due to the
jute industry
?
a) Mumbai
b) Chennai
c) Calcutta
d) Bangalore
➤
Answer: (c) Calcutta
