Extra 30 short-answer questions from the chapter "The Making of a Global World" for Class 10 CBSE History:
1-10: Early Globalization and Pre-Modern Trade
What was the Silk Route?
➤
Answer:
The Silk Route was an ancient trade network connecting
Asia, Europe, and Africa
for the exchange of goods like
silk, spices, and textiles
.
How did food travel across different parts of the world in ancient times?
➤
Answer:
Food items like
potatoes, maize, and tomatoes
were introduced to Europe from the
Americas
due to
colonization and trade
.
What was the impact of the introduction of potatoes in Europe?
➤
Answer:
Potatoes improved
nutrition and food security
, leading to
population growth
in Europe.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
➤
Answer:
The Columbian Exchange refers to the transfer of
plants, animals, people, and diseases
between the
Old World (Europe, Asia, Africa)
and the
New World (Americas)
after Columbus’ voyages.
How did the global economy change after Christopher Columbus’ voyages?
➤
Answer:
European countries
colonized new lands
, extracted resources, and expanded trade, leading to the rise of
global markets
.
What impact did the spread of disease have on the Americas?
➤
Answer:
Diseases like
smallpox and measles
, brought by Europeans, killed
millions of Native Americans
due to lack of immunity.
Why did European countries establish colonies?
➤
Answer:
Colonies were established to
control resources, expand trade, and dominate world markets
.
What was the Atlantic Slave Trade?
➤
Answer:
The Atlantic Slave Trade involved the
forced transportation of Africans
to work on plantations in the
Americas
, mainly for
sugar and cotton production
.
How did the British benefit from triangular trade?
➤
Answer:
Britain transported
manufactured goods
to Africa, took
slaves
to the Americas, and returned with
raw materials like sugar and tobacco
.
What was the impact of slave trade on African societies?
➤
Answer:
It led to
depopulation
, destruction of
African economies
, and
disruption of social structures
.
11-20: Nineteenth-Century Global Economy
What were the causes of increased global trade in the 19th century?
➤
Answer:
The
Industrial Revolution, better transport (steamships, railways), and the need for raw materials
boosted global trade.
How did industrialization impact Britain’s trade relations?
➤
Answer:
Britain became the
largest exporter
of
textiles and industrial goods
, leading to increased
colonization
.
How did canals and railways help in global trade?
➤
Answer:
The construction of
canals (Suez, Panama) and railways
reduced travel time and made
transporting goods faster and cheaper
.
What was the role of gold and silver in international trade?
➤
Answer:
Gold and silver were used as
currency for global trade
, supporting
economic exchanges between continents
.
How did the Industrial Revolution impact India’s economy?
➤
Answer:
Indian
textile industries declined
as British machine-made goods
flooded the Indian market
, leading to
economic dependency on Britain
.
What was the significance of the Suez Canal (1869)?
➤
Answer:
The Suez Canal
shortened the sea route between Europe and Asia
, increasing
British trade with India
.
What was the Indentured Labour System?
➤
Answer:
It was a system where
Indian and Chinese workers
were
contracted to work on plantations
in British colonies under
harsh conditions
.
Why did Indian workers migrate to plantations in the 19th century?
➤
Answer:
Due to
poverty, debt, and British economic policies
, many Indians worked as
indentured laborers
in the
Caribbean, Fiji, and Africa
.
What was the impact of global trade on farmers in India?
➤
Answer:
Farmers were forced to grow
cash crops (indigo, cotton, sugarcane)
for British industries instead of
food crops
, leading to
famines
.
How did the Industrial Revolution change patterns of migration?
➤
Answer:
More people moved
to urban areas and
colonies
, while
European countries sent
millions of workers to America, Australia, and Africa
.
21-30: Globalization in the 20th Century
What was the Great Depression (1929)?
➤
Answer:
It was a
global economic crisis
where industries and banks
collapsed, trade declined, and millions lost jobs
worldwide.
How did the Great Depression affect Indian farmers?
➤
Answer:
Indian
exports fell
, prices of
cash crops dropped
, and farmers
suffered extreme poverty
.
What was the impact of World War I on the global economy?
➤
Answer:
The war caused
mass destruction, inflation, and unemployment
, leading to
economic instability
.
Why was the Bretton Woods Conference (1944) held?
➤
Answer:
It was held to
establish financial institutions (IMF, World Bank)
and rebuild the world economy after World War II.
What was the purpose of the IMF and World Bank?
➤
Answer:
They provided
loans and financial support
to countries for
economic development and stability
.
Why did the Bretton Woods system collapse in 1971?
➤
Answer:
The US
abandoned the gold standard
, leading to
floating exchange rates
in global currencies.
What was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?
➤
Answer:
GATT was an agreement to
reduce trade barriers and promote free trade
between countries.
How did globalization affect India after 1991?
➤
Answer:
India adopted
liberalization policies
, leading to
foreign investments, economic growth, and expansion of IT industries
.
What role did Multinational Corporations (MNCs) play in globalization?
➤
Answer:
MNCs
invested in different countries
, promoting
global trade, employment, and technological growth
.
How did globalization impact employment in India?
➤
Answer:
It created
new jobs in IT, telecom, and manufacturing
but also
increased inequality
between skilled and unskilled workers.
