Extra 30 short questions and answers (2-3 marks each) from Chapter: Sectors of the Indian Economy of Class 10 CBSE Economics:
1-10: Types of Sectors
What are the three sectors of the Indian economy?
Ans:
The three sectors are:
Primary Sector
– Activities related to natural resources (e.g., agriculture, fishing).
Secondary Sector
– Manufacturing and industrial production (e.g., textile, steel).
Tertiary Sector
– Services supporting other sectors (e.g., banking, transport).
Why is the primary sector also
called
the agriculture and allied sector?
Ans:
Because it includes activities related to natural resources such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining, which are directly dependent on nature.
What are the main activities of the secondary sector?
Ans:
The secondary sector involves processing raw materials from the primary sector into finished goods. Examples include:
Manufacturing (e.g., making clothes, steel production)
Construction (e.g., buildings, roads)
Why is the tertiary sector also
called
the service sector?
Ans:
It provides services rather than goods, such as banking, education, transport, healthcare, and trade, which help the primary and secondary sectors function smoothly.
Why is the tertiary sector gaining importance in India?
Ans:
Increase in demand for services like healthcare and education.
Growth of IT and communication services.
Expansion of banking and finance.
Increasing urbanization.
How is the primary sector different from the secondary sector?
Ans:
The
primary sector
involves raw material extraction (e.g., farming, fishing).
The
secondary sector
involves manufacturing and industrial work (e.g., making steel, construction).
Which sector contributes the most to India’s GDP?
Ans:
The
tertiary sector
contributes the most to India's GDP due to the rapid growth of services like IT, banking, and tourism.
Which sector employs the most people in India?
Ans:
The
primary sector
employs the largest number of people, especially in agriculture.
Why does the primary sector employ more people even though it contributes less to GDP?
Ans:
Because of disguised unemployment and lack of alternative job opportunities in rural areas.
Give two examples of industries in the secondary sector.
Ans:
Steel Industry
– Converts iron ore into steel.
Textile Industry
– Produces clothes from raw cotton or wool.
11-20: Organized vs Unorganized & Employment
What is meant by the organized sector?
Ans:
The organized sector consists of jobs that are registered with the
government, provide fixed salaries, and include benefits like pensions and health insurance (e.g., government jobs, big companies).
What is the unorganized sector?
Ans:
The unorganized sector includes jobs that do not provide job security, fixed wages, or benefits. Examples include daily wage laborers, street vendors, and domestic workers.
What are the differences between organized and unorganized sectors?
Ans:
Organized Sector
– Fixed wages, job security, benefits (e.g., banks, government offices).
Unorganized Sector
– No job security, irregular wages (e.g., construction workers, small shopkeepers).
Why are workers in the unorganized sector often exploited?
Ans:
No fixed wages or regular work hours.
No medical benefits or job security.
No laws to protect their rights.
What is disguised unemployment? Give an example.
Ans:
Disguised unemployment occurs when more people are engaged in a job than required.
Example:
In a farming family of five members, if only three are needed but all five work, two are disguised unemployed.
What is seasonal unemployment?
Ans:
Seasonal unemployment occurs when workers remain jobless for some months in a year.
Example:
Farmers may be unemployed between planting and harvesting seasons.
What is the difference between disguised and seasonal unemployment?
Ans:
Disguised unemployment
– More workers than needed for a job.
Seasonal unemployment
– Workers are unemployed for part of the year.
Why is employment in the unorganized sector insecure?
Ans:
Workers do not have job security, fixed wages, or benefits like pensions and healthcare. They can be removed from work anytime.
Why should workers in the unorganized sector be protected?
Ans:
To ensure fair wages, job security, healthcare benefits, and protection from exploitation.
What measures has the government taken to improve employment?
Ans:
MGNREGA (2005)
– Provides 100 days of guaranteed employment.
Encouraging skill development programs.
Promoting small industries.
21-30: Public vs Private Sector & Government Role
What is the difference between public and private sectors?
Ans:
Public Sector
– Owned by the government (e.g., Indian Railways).
Private Sector
– Owned by individuals or companies (e.g., Tata Motors).
Why do we need the public sector?
Ans:
Provides essential services (education, healthcare).
Ensures fair distribution of resources.
Supports employment generation.
Give two examples of public sector enterprises in India.
Ans:
Indian Railways
– Provides transport services.
BHEL (Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited)
– Manufactures power equipment.
Give two examples of private sector enterprises in India.
Ans:
Reliance Industries
– Petroleum and retail.
Infosys
– IT and software services.
Why is the government involved in the public sector?
Ans:
To provide essential services like education, healthcare, and transport, which may not be profitable but are necessary for development.
What is the importance of the tertiary sector in the Indian economy?
Ans:
Largest contributor to GDP.
Provides services like banking, IT, and education.
Supports primary and secondary sectors.
What is the role of the government in employment generation?
Ans:
Provides public sector jobs.
Implements employment schemes like MGNREGA.
Encourages private sector growth.
What is MGNREGA 2005?
Ans:
The
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA) guarantees 100 days of employment to rural workers and aims to reduce unemployment.
Why has employment in the secondary sector increased in India?
Ans:
Due to industrialization, growth of small-scale industries, and increased production demand.
How does the tertiary sector support the primary and secondary sectors?
Ans:
Provides transport for goods.
Banking helps finance industries.
Education and healthcare improve workforce quality.
What are the challenges faced by workers in the unorganized sector?
Ans:
No fixed wages or job security.
Poor working conditions.
No benefits like pensions, medical insurance.
Irregular working hours.
Why does disguised unemployment mostly occur in the primary sector?
Ans:
Agriculture in India is
labor-intensive
.
Lack of alternative employment opportunities.
More people working than needed in farms.
Low productivity due to outdated farming techniques.
Why has employment in the tertiary sector increased in India?
Ans:
Growth of IT and communication services.
Expansion of banking and financial services.
Rise in tourism, healthcare, and education sectors.
Urbanization and higher demand for services.
What are the main objectives of MGNREGA 2005?
Ans:
Provide 100 days of guaranteed wage employment to rural workers.
Reduce rural unemployment and poverty.
Create durable rural assets (roads, water conservation structures).
Promote women’s participation in the workforce.
How does the government support the public sector?
Ans:
Provides financial assistance and subsidies.
Ensures infrastructure development.
Implements policies for efficient management.
Offers job security and fair wages to employees.
What are the benefits of the organized sector for workers?
Ans:
Fixed wages and regular working hours.
Job security and retirement benefits.
Access to healthcare and paid leave.
Legal protection under
labor
laws.
How does the government help in the development of the secondary sector?
Ans:
Provides loans and incentives for industries.
Develops infrastructure like roads, power supply.
Encourages foreign investments and trade policies.
Implements skill development programs for workers.
What are the advantages of having a large tertiary sector?
Ans:
High contribution to GDP.
Generates large employment opportunities.
Supports industrial and agricultural growth.
Leads to overall economic development.
Why is India shifting from a primary sector-based economy to a tertiary sector-based economy?
Ans:
Growth of service-based industries like IT and finance.
Mechanization in agriculture reducing employment in the primary sector.
Higher earnings and better working conditions in the tertiary sector.
Increased demand for skilled professionals in urban areas.
What are some government policies to improve the secondary and tertiary sectors?
Ans:
"Make in India" initiative to boost manufacturing.
Digital India to promote IT and e-governance.
Investment in infrastructure (roads, power, transport).
Providing subsidies and tax benefits for industries and
startups
.
