Extra 30 short-answer questions (2-3 marks each) from the chapter "Nationalism in India" for Class 10 CBSE History:
1-10: Causes and Early Nationalist Movements
What was the
Rowlatt
Act (1919)? Why was it opposed?
➤
Answer:
The
Rowlatt
Act allowed the British government to imprison Indians without trial. It was opposed because it curtailed civil liberties and suppressed nationalist movements.
What was the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919)?
➤
Answer:
On
13 April 1919
, General Dyer ordered troops to fire on an unarmed crowd in
Amritsar
, killing hundreds. It led to nationwide protests against British rule.
What were the causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22)?
➤
Answer:
The
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(1919)
The
Rowlatt
Act
(1919)
British economic policies exploiting Indians
Khilafat Movement
(support for the Ottoman Caliphate)
What was the Khilafat Movement?
➤
Answer:
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was started by
Ali Brothers (Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali)
to support the Ottoman Caliph, who was overthrown by the British after
World War I
.
What were the main features of the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22)?
➤
Answer:
Boycott of
British goods, schools, and courts
Promotion of
Khadi (hand-spun cloth)
Resignation of Indians from
government jobs
Peaceful protests and
Satyagraha
Why did Gandhiji withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement?
➤
Answer:
Gandhiji withdrew the movement in
1922
after the
Chauri
Chaura
incident
, where violent protestors burned a police station, killing 22 policemen.
What was the Simon Commission? Why was it boycotted?
➤
Answer:
The
Simon Commission (1927)
was a British committee to suggest reforms in India, but it was boycotted because it had
no Indian members
.
What was the significance of the Lahore Session of Congress (1929)?
➤
Answer:
The Congress, under
Jawaharlal Nehru
, declared
Purna
Swaraj (Complete Independence)
as its goal.
26 January 1930
was declared
Independence Day
.
Why was the Civil Disobedience Movement launched?
➤
Answer:
The movement was launched in
1930
to protest against British rule, high taxes, and the
Salt Law
, which restricted Indians from making salt.
What was the Dandi March (1930)?
➤
Answer:
Led by
Mahatma Gandhi
, the march started on
12 March 1930
from
Sabarmati Ashram
to
Dandi
(Gujarat).
It protested against the
British Salt Law
, where Gandhi made salt from seawater.
11-20: Civil Disobedience and Later Nationalist Movements
What was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)?
➤
Answer:
It was an agreement between Gandhi and Viceroy Irwin
where Gandhi agreed to end the
Civil Disobedience Movement
, and the British released political prisoners.
What was the First Round Table Conference (1930)?
➤
Answer:
It was a meeting held in
London
to discuss India’s future. However,
Congress did not attend
, demanding full independence.
What were the demands of the Poona Pact (1932)?
➤
Answer:
It was an agreement between
Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar
.
It allowed
reserved seats for Dalits
in legislatures but under
joint electorates
.
What was the role of women in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
➤
Answer:
Women like
Sarojini Naidu and Kamala Nehru
led protests.
Thousands of women
participated in salt marches and boycotts
.
Why did the Civil Disobedience Movement decline?
➤
Answer:
British repression
and mass arrests
Failure of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact
Internal divisions within the Congress
What was the Quit India Movement (1942)?
➤
Answer:
Launched on
8 August 1942
, demanding
immediate British withdrawal
.
Gandhiji’s slogan:
"Do or Die"
.
Why was the Quit India Movement significant?
➤
Answer:
It
united Indians against the British.
British arrested Gandhi and Congress leaders
, but the movement continued.
Who formed the Indian National Army (INA)? What was its objective?
➤
Answer:
Subhas Chandra Bose
formed the INA in
1943
.
Its goal was to
free India from British rule using military force
.
What was the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)?
➤
Answer:
It was a British proposal to form an
interim Indian government
and decide India's future but
failed due to Hindu-Muslim divisions
.
When did India gain independence? Who was the first Prime Minister?
➤
Answer:
India became independent on 15 August 1947
.
Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister
.
21-30: Social and Economic Impact of Nationalism
How did the nationalist movement affect Indian industries?
➤
Answer:
It promoted
Swadeshi goods
, reduced dependence on
British imports
, and revived
handicrafts
.
How did newspapers contribute to Indian nationalism?
➤
Answer:
They spread nationalist ideas.
They reported British atrocities like the
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
.
What role did peasants play in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
➤
Answer:
Peasants protested
high taxes
, landlords, and British policies, joining
salt
satyagrahas
.
How did tribal communities react to the nationalist movement?
➤
Answer:
Leaders like
Alluri
Sitarama
Raju
led tribal revolts against British forest laws and forced
labor
.
What was the impact of nationalism on Indian education?
➤
Answer:
Growth of
Indian-run schools and universities
.
Emphasis on Indian history, culture, and Swadeshi
.
What was the impact of the nationalist movement on Indian farmers?
➤
Answer:
Farmers opposed
high taxes and British land revenue policies
.
How did nationalists use folk culture in their movement?
➤
Answer:
Revival of
folk songs, symbols, and traditions
.
Use of
Bharat Mata imagery
to inspire unity.
What was the impact of the national movement on Indian politics?
➤
Answer:
It led to the
formation of a democratic government
after independence.
Which year was the Indian National Congress formed?
➤
Answer:
1885
.
Who were the leaders of the Swadeshi Movement?
➤
Answer:
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai.
