Extra 30 short answer questions from the chapter "The Rise of Nationalism in Europe" for Class 10 CBSE History:
1-10: Basic Concepts and Events
What is nationalism?
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Answer:
Nationalism is a sense of collective identity and unity among people who share a common history, culture, language, and territory. It promotes the formation of nation-states.
How did the French Revolution contribute to the rise of nationalism in Europe?
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Answer:
The French Revolution (1789) introduced ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
It
abolished monarchy and promoted democratic ideals, inspiring nationalistic movements across Europe.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte, and how did he impact European nationalism?
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Answer:
Napoleon was the ruler of France who spread revolutionary ideals across Europe through conquests. His administrative reforms, such as the Napoleonic Code, influenced nationalism.
What was the Napoleonic Code?
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Answer:
The Napoleonic Code (1804) introduced uniform laws, abolished feudalism, promoted equality, and protected property rights. It influenced many European countries.
What was the Vienna Congress (1815)?
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Answer:
The Congress of Vienna (1815) was a meeting of European powers after Napoleon’s defeat. It aimed to restore monarchies and suppress revolutionary movements.
Who was Metternich, and what was his role in European politics?
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Answer:
Prince Metternich was the Austrian Chancellor who led the Vienna Congress. He opposed nationalism and democracy, promoting monarchy and conservative rule.
What were the major decisions taken at the Congress of Vienna?
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Answer:
The Congress restored monarchies, redrew European borders, created the German Confederation, and suppressed nationalist movements.
What was the role of Giuseppe Mazzini in Italian unification?
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Answer:
Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary who founded "Young Italy," a secret society that aimed to unite Italy under a republic.
What was the Young Italy movement?
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Answer:
Young Italy was a nationalist movement founded by Mazzini to promote Italian unification through democratic means.
Who was Count Cavour, and what was his role in Italian unification?
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Answer:
Count Cavour was the Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia. He used diplomacy and alliances to unify northern Italy under King Victor Emmanuel II.
11-20: Unification of Italy and Germany
Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi?
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Answer:
Garibaldi was an Italian nationalist and military leader who led the Red Shirts to liberate southern Italy and unite it with northern Italy.
What role did the Red Shirts play in Italian unification?
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Answer:
The Red Shirts were a volunteer army led by Garibaldi. They fought against foreign rule in southern Italy and helped in Italian unification.
When was Italy unified, and who became its first king?
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Answer:
Italy was unified in 1870, and King Victor Emmanuel II became its first ruler.
Who was Otto von Bismarck, and what was his role in German unification?
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Answer:
Bismarck was the Prime Minister of Prussia who used military force (Blood and Iron policy) and diplomacy to unify Germany.
What was the "Blood and Iron" policy?
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Answer:
Bismarck’s "Blood and Iron" policy emphasized war and industrial strength to achieve German unification.
Which wars did Bismarck fight to unify Germany?
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Answer:
Bismarck fought three wars:
Danish War (1864)
– Against Denmark
Austro-Prussian War (1866)
– Against Austria
Franco-Prussian War (1870-71)
– Against France
When and where was Germany unified?
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Answer:
Germany was unified in
1871
, and King Wilhelm I was declared Emperor at the
Palace of Versailles, France
.
What was the Frankfurt Parliament?
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Answer:
The Frankfurt Parliament (1848) was Germany’s first freely elected assembly that attempted to create a democratic constitution but failed due to lack of support.
What was the Zollverein?
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Answer:
The Zollverein was a customs union formed by Prussia in
1834 that helped in German economic unification by abolishing trade barriers.
Why did the Frankfurt Parliament fail?
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Answer:
The Frankfurt Parliament failed because it lacked military support, faced opposition from monarchs, and was unable to gain popular trust.
21-30: Nationalism and Its Impact
What is Romanticism, and how did it promote nationalism?
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Answer:
Romanticism was a cultural movement that emphasized emotions, folk traditions, and national pride. It inspired people to unite and fight for their nations.
Who painted "Liberty Leading the People," and what does it symbolize?
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Answer:
Eugène Delacroix painted "Liberty Leading the People," symbolizing the French Revolution and the struggle for freedom.
What was the impact of the Greek War of Independence (1821-1832)?
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Answer:
Greece gained independence from the Ottoman Empire, inspiring nationalist movements in other European countries.
What were the major challenges faced by the Habsburg Empire?
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Answer:
The Habsburg Empire ruled over diverse ethnic groups, leading to nationalist uprisings and demands for independence.
What were the effects of the 1848 Revolutions in Europe?
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Answer:
The 1848 Revolutions led to temporary democratic gains but ultimately failed, as monarchies regained control.
What was the role of folklore in nationalism?
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Answer:
Folklore, songs, and myths were used to promote national identity and unity among people.
What was the role of women in nationalist struggles?
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Answer:
Women actively participated in nationalist movements by organizing protests, publishing nationalist literature, and supporting revolutionary activities.
How did industrialization impact nationalism in Europe?
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Answer:
Industrialization strengthened economic unity, urbanization, and technological advancements, which promoted nationalist ideas.
What was the role of railways in the unification of Germany and Italy?
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Answer:
Railways improved communication, trade, and military movement, facilitating the unification of Germany and Italy.
What were the consequences of nationalism in Europe?
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Answer:
Nationalism led to the formation of nation-states like Italy and Germany but also contributed to conflicts, wars, and colonial expansion.
