Extra 40 MCQs with answers from the Heredity and Evolution chapter:8 of Class 10 CBSE Science:
Who is known as the "Father of Genetics"?
a) Darwin
b) Mendel
c) Lamarck
d) Watson
Answer:
b) Mendel
The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called:
a) Evolution
b) Variation
c) Heredity
d) Speciation
Answer:
c) Heredity
Which of the following carries genetic information?
a) Proteins
b) DNA
c) Lipids
d) Carbohydrates
Answer:
b) DNA
The alternative forms of a gene are called:
a) Chromosomes
b) Alleles
c) Traits
d) Gametes
Answer:
b) Alleles
A cross between two heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plants will produce tall and dwarf plants in what ratio?
a) 3:1
b) 1:3
c) 2:2
d) 1:1
Answer:
a) 3:1
Which of the following is a
dominant trait
in pea plants?
a) Green seed
b) Wrinkled seed
c) White flower
d) Tallness
Answer:
d) Tallness
The genotype of a
homozygous recessive
organism is:
a) TT
b) Tt
c)
tt
d) TT or
tt
Answer:
c)
tt
The pair of contrasting traits studied by Mendel in pea plants is called:
a) Alleles
b) Genotypes
c) Phenotypes
d) Factors
Answer:
a) Alleles
Which of the following is
not inherited
but acquired?
a) Height
b) Skin
colour
c) Language
d) Eye
colour
Answer:
c) Language
Mendel's Law of Segregation states that:
a) Two alleles of a gene pair separate during gamete formation
b) Dominant traits are always expressed
c) The environment affects heredity
d) Evolution is based on natural selection
Answer:
a) Two alleles of a gene pair separate during gamete formation
Evolution is the:
a) Sudden change in an organism
b) Gradual change in organisms over generations
c) Disappearance of traits
d) None of the above
Answer:
b) Gradual change in organisms over generations
Who proposed the theory of natural selection?
a) Mendel
b) Darwin
c) Lamarck
d) Watson and Crick
Answer:
b) Darwin
The forelimb of a bird and a human arm are examples of:
a) Homologous organs
b) Analogous organs
c) Vestigial organs
d) Mutated organs
Answer:
a) Homologous organs
Which of the following is an example of an
analogous organ
?
a) Human hand and bat wing
b) Wings of butterfly and bird
c) Flippers of whale and fish
d) Forelimbs of dog and lizard
Answer:
b) Wings of butterfly and bird
Which of the following is a
vestigial organ
in humans?
a) Kidney
b) Lungs
c) Appendix
d) Heart
Answer:
c) Appendix
The
fossil record
provides evidence for:
a) Heredity
b) Evolution
c) Genetics
d) Photosynthesis
Answer:
b) Evolution
According to Darwin, evolution occurs due to:
a) Genetic mutations
b) Acquired traits
c) Natural selection
d) Artificial breeding
Answer:
c) Natural selection
The similarity in early embryonic stages of different species suggests:
a) Common ancestry
b) Artificial selection
c) Independent origin
d) No relation
Answer:
a) Common ancestry
The presence of gill slits in human embryos suggests:
a) Relationship with aquatic organisms
b) Evolution of lungs
c) Advanced genetic modification
d) None of the above
Answer:
a) Relationship with aquatic organisms
The first living organisms on Earth were:
a) Multicellular
b) Prokaryotes
c) Mammals
d) Amphibians
Answer:
b) Prokaryotes
What is speciation?
a) Formation of new species
b) Extinction of species
c) Genetic mutation
d) Cloning
Answer:
a) Formation of new species
Which of the following leads to variation?
a) Mutation
b) Sexual reproduction
c) Crossing over
d) All of the above
Answer:
d) All of the above
Genetic drift
occurs due to:
a) Random changes in allele frequency
b) Natural selection
c) Artificial selection
d) Mutation
Answer:
a) Random changes in allele frequency
A population with
higher genetic variation
has:
a) Less chance of survival
b) More chance of survival
c) No effect on survival
d) No variation
Answer:
b) More chance of survival
The process where humans selectively breed organisms for desired traits is called:
a) Artificial selection
b) Natural selection
c) Speciation
d) Genetic drift
Answer:
a) Artificial selection
Which species is most closely related to humans?
a) Gorillas
b) Chimpanzees
c) Orangutans
d) Monkeys
Answer:
b) Chimpanzees
Which of the following does not affect evolution?
a) Natural selection
b) Genetic drift
c) Climate change
d) Gravity
Answer:
d) Gravity
Which scientist worked on mutation as a driving force for evolution?
a) Darwin
b) Lamarck
c) Hugo de Vries
d) Mendel
Answer:
c) Hugo de Vries
The
first human-like species
to walk upright was:
a) Homo habilis
b) Homo erectus
c) Neanderthals
d) Australopithecus
Answer:
b) Homo erectus
The first modern humans appeared around:
a) 2 million years ago
b) 10 million years ago
c) 200,000 years ago
d) 500,000 years ago
Answer:
c) 200,000 years ago
31. Which genetic material is responsible for heredity?
a) RNA
b) DNA
c) Protein
d) Enzymes
Answer: b) DNA
32. The number of chromosomes in a human gamete is:
a) 23
b) 46
c) 44
d) 22
Answer: a) 23
33. The study of fossils is called:
a) Biology
b) Geology
c) Palaeontology
d) Anthropology
Answer: c) Palaeontology
34. Darwin’s famous book on evolution is:
a) The Evolution of Species
b) The Genetic Code
c) The Origin of Species
d) The Survival of the Fittest
Answer: c) The Origin of Species
35. The concept of "Survival of the Fittest" was given by:
a) Mendel
b) Darwin
c) Lamarck
d) Hugo de Vries
Answer: b) Darwin
36. The change in DNA sequence is called:
a) Variation
b) Mutation
c) Heredity
d) Selection
Answer: b) Mutation
37. The unit of heredity is:
a) Chromosome
b) DNA
c) Gene
d) Nucleus
Answer: c) Gene
38. Which organ in whales and snakes is vestigial?
a) Hind limbs
b) Lungs
c) Gills
d) Tail
Answer: a) Hind limbs
39. What percentage of DNA is common between humans and chimpanzees?
a) 50-60%
b) 70-80%
c) 98-99%
d) 100%
Answer: c) 98-99%
40. The fossil Archaeopteryx is a link between:
a) Amphibians and reptiles
b) Reptiles and birds
c) Mammals and reptiles
d) Birds and mammals
Answer: b) Reptiles and birds
